Minimal conceptual models for tropical cyclone intensification  

作　　者：Michael T.Montgomery Roger K.Smith 

机构地区：[1]Department of Meteorology,Naval Postgraduate School,Monterey,CA,USA [2]Meteorological Institute,Ludwig-Maximilians University,Munich,Germany

出　　处：《Tropical Cyclone Research and Review》2022年第2期61-75,共15页热带气旋研究与评论（英文版）

基　　金：the support of NSF grant IAA1656075;ONR grant N0001417WX00336;the U.S.Naval Postgraduate School。

摘　　要：We examine a hierarchy of minimal conceptual models for tropical cyclone intensification.These models are framed mostly in terms of axisymmetric balance dynamics.In the first set of models,the heating rate is prescribed in such a way to mimic a deep overturning circulation with convergence in the lower troposphere and divergence in the upper troposphere,characteristic of a region of deep moist convection.In the second set,the heating rate is related explicitly to the latent heat release of ascending air parcels.The release of latent heat markedly reduces the local static stability of ascending air,raising two possibilities in the balance framework.The first possibility is that the effective static stability and the related discriminant in the Eliassen equation for the overturning circulation in saturated air,although small,remains positive so the Eliassen equation is globally elliptic.The second possibility,the more likely one during vortex intensification,is that the effective static stability in saturated air is negative and the Eliassen equation becomes locally hyperbolic.These models help to understand the differences between the early Ooyama models of 1968 and 1969,the Emanuel,1989 model,and the later Emanuel models of 1995,1997 and 2012.They provide insight also into the popular explanation of the WISHE feedback mechanism for tropical cyclone intensification.Some implications for recent work are discussed.

关 键 词：Tropical cyclone intensification Conventional spin-up mechanism Minimal models Nonlinear boundary layer spin-up mechanism WISHE feedback Mechanism 

分 类 号：P444[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]