基于BRIEF、PLIBEL和RULA方法的制鞋工人工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患工效学危险评估  

Ergonomic hazard assessment of work-related musculoskeletal disorders for shoemaking workers based on BRIEF,PLIBEL and RULA methods

作　　者：沈波[1] 许旭艳[1] 刘佩芳 王忠旭[2] 贾宁[2] 陈建超[3] 刘珍兴[3] 李晓莉[3] 陈凤琼[4] SHEN Bo;XU Xu-yan;LIU Pei-fang;WANG Zhong-xu;JIA Ning;CHEN Jian-chao;LIU Zhen-xing;LI Xiao-li;CHEN Feng-qiong(Fuzhou Municipal Center for Diseases Control and Prevention,Fuzhou 350004,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]福州市疾病预防控制中心,福建福州350004 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所 [3]福建省职业病与化学中毒预防控制中心 [4]重庆市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中国工业医学杂志》2022年第4期291-295,共5页Chinese Journal of Industrial Medicine

基　　金：原国家卫生计生委工作项目(131031109000160004);福建省自然科学基金项目(面上项目:2020J01915);福建省医学创新课题(2020CXB039);福州市卫生健康科研创新团队培育项目(2020-S-wt9)。

摘　　要：目的 对制鞋生产中存在的工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)工效学危害因素进行识别和危险评估。方法 选择18家制鞋企业53个重点岗位884名工人作为研究对象,采用美国工效学基本因素检查表(BRIEF)和瑞典工效学因素识别表(PLIBEL)两种方法识别作业人员作业过程中WMSDs罹患部位及不良工效学危害因素,并采用快速上肢评估(RULA)法进行WMSDs危险等级评估。结果 BRIEF识别结果显示,作业工种/岗位普遍存在手/腕部、肘部、颈部、肩部和背部的WMSDs危害因素,52个工种/岗位(98.11%)存在颈部和右腕部WMSDs危害因素;PLIBEL识别发现,存在≥6个WMSDs危害因素的工种/岗位有18个(33.96%)、有5个危害因素的14个(26.42%)、4个危害因素的有16个(30.19%)、3个危害因素的有5个(9.43%);RULA评估制鞋业生产工人WMSDs危险等级为Ⅱ~Ⅳ级,其中,Ⅱ级工种/岗位14个(26.42%)、Ⅲ级37个(69.81%)、Ⅳ级2个(3.78%),其主要得分源为不良姿势。结论 制鞋作业普遍存在中高风险的不良工效学危害因素,集中在颈部、手/腕部、肩部和下背部;对于RULA评估为危险等级极高和高的工种/岗位,必须通过降低或消除不良工效学因素等综合措施降低WMSDs发生率。Objective The purpose of the survey is to identify and evaluate the ergonomic hazards of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs) in shoe production.Methods Eight hundred and eighty-four workers in 53 key positions in 18 shoe-making enterprises were selected as the research objects,BRIEF and PLIBEL were used to identify the location of WMSDs and the adverse ergonomic hazards during the operation,and the risk level of WMSDs was evaluated by RULA method.Results BRIEF identification results showed that WMSDs hazard factors at hand/wrist,elbow,neck,shoulder and back were quite common in all the types of works/posts,of which 52 types of works/posts(98.11%) had WMSDs hazard factors at neck and right wrist;PLIBEL identified that there were 18 types of works/posts with ≥6 WMSDs hazard factors(33.96%),14 with 5 hazard factors(26.42%),16 with 4 hazard factors(30.19%),and 5 with 3 hazard factors(9.43%);the WMSDs risk level of workers in shoemaking industry assessed by RULA was level Ⅱ—level Ⅳ,of which 14 works/posts were level Ⅱ(26.42%),37 were level Ⅲ(69.81%),and 2 were level Ⅳ(3.78%),the main score source of RULA was poor posture.Conclusion The results suggested that there were generally medium and high-risk adverse ergonomic hazards in shoemaking operations,which were concentrated in necks,hands/wrists,shoulders and lower back.For the posts with extremely high risk evaluated by RULA method,the comprehensive measures such as reducing or eliminating adverse ergonomic factors must be taken to reduce the incidence of WMSDs.

关 键 词：工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs) 制鞋业 工效学负荷 危险评估 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生] R68[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]