某造船厂工人多部位工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患现况及其影响因素分析  

Analysis on present status of multi-site work-related musculoskeletal disorders in workers of a shipyard and its influencing factors

作　　者：张丹英[1] 王忠旭[2] 聂新强[3] 贾宁[2] 廖明亮[3] ZHANG Dan-ying;WANG Zhong-xu;NIE Xin-qiang;JIA Ning;LIAO Ming-liang(Guangdong Provincial Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment,Guangzhou 510300,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]广东省职业病防治院/广东省职业病防治重点实验室,广东广州510300 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所 [3]江门市新会区疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中国工业医学杂志》2022年第4期307-312,共6页Chinese Journal of Industrial Medicine

基　　金：中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所职业健康风险评估与国家职业卫生标准制定项目(编号:131031109000150003);广东省职业病防治重点实验室(编号:2017B030314152);广东省医学科学技术研究基金(编号:A2020066,A2022097);广东省中医药局中医药科研项目(编号:20221061)。

摘　　要：目的 分析某造船厂工人多部位工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)患病情况及其影响因素。方法 采用横断面调查设计,以整群抽样法选择某造船厂496名工人作为研究对象;采用电子版《北欧肌肉骨骼疾患调查问卷(修改版)》(NMQ)调查其WMSDs发生情况,采用多因素Logistic回归分析多部位WMSDs影响因素。结果 496名研究对象WMSDs总发生率为59.3%,其中多部位WMSDs发生率为37.3%,单一部位WMSDs发生率为22.0%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,30~<50岁组罹患多部位WMSDs风险高于<30岁组(P<0.05)。经常以不舒服姿势工作、每天重复同样工作、手腕经常向上/下弯曲、长时间保持屈膝姿势或下肢及足踝反复做同一动作的工人罹患多部位WMSDs风险较高(P<0.05);休息时间充足者WMSDs风险降低(P<0.05)。结论 造船厂工人多部位WMSDs较单一部位更为常见,且发病率较高,多部位WMSDs与不良工效学因素密切相关,应加强工效学干预,降低WMSDs患病风险。Objective To analyze the prevalence of multi-site work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs) and related influencing factors in shipyard workers.Methods Four hundred and ninety-six workers in a shipyard in Guangdong province were selected as research objects by cluster sampling in a cross-sectional survey used in the study;the electronic revised version of Nordic Musculoskeletal Disease questionnaire(NMQ) was adopted to investigate the prevalence of WMSDs,and the influencing factors of multi-sites WMSDs were analyzed by multiple Logistic regression.Results The results showed that the total incidence rate of WMSDs in 496 objects was 59.3%,of which the incidence rate of multi-site WMSDs was 37.3%,while the incidence rate of single-site WMSDs was 22.0%.Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of multi-site WMSDs in the age of 30—<50 years group was higher than that of the group of <30 years(P<0.05).Workers who often worked in uncomfortable position repeat the same work every day,often bend their wrists up and down,maintain the knees bending for a long time,or repeatedly perform the same action on their lower limbs and ankles had a higher risk of multi-site WMSDs(P<0.05);the risk of multi-site WMSDs was reduced in workers with sufficient rest time(P<0.05).Conclusion The results suggested that the multi-site WMSDs was more common than single-site WMSDs in shipyard workers,and the incidence rate was higher,which was closely related to adverse ergonomic factors.Therefore,ergonomic intervention should be strengthened to reduce the risk of multi-site WMSDs.

关 键 词：工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs) 多部位 造船企业 工效学 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生] R68[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]