污染环境罪的基本犯:从结果犯到行为犯  

Basic Crime of Environmental Pollution:From Result Crime to Behavior Crime

作　　者：齐文远[1] 热娜古·阿帕尔 Qi Wenyuan;Genagu Appar(Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan Hubei 430073;Kashi University,Kashi Xinjang 844006)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学,湖北武汉430073 [2]喀什大学,新疆喀什844006

出　　处：《警学研究》2022年第4期5-14,共10页Police Science Research

摘　　要：在2013年《关于办理环境污染刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》发布前,一般认为污染环境罪的基本犯属于结果犯;但在此之后,关于污染环境罪的基本犯究竟属于结果犯还是行为犯,在刑法理论上出现了较大争议,并持续至今。实际上,以生态学的人类中心主义为立场,不论从刑法立法还是司法解释来看,污染环境罪的基本犯均属于结果犯,以发生侵害结果为既遂犯的成立条件。为了实现生态文明建设对环境刑法之预防刑法化要求和有效治理环境犯罪,污染环境罪的基本犯应当行为犯化。基本犯行为犯化之后的污染环境罪由三个罪刑阶梯组成,前两个罪刑阶梯以有严重污染环境之危险和严重污染环境为成立条件,最后一个罪刑阶梯以造成特别严重后果为成立条件。Before the release of the Explanation on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in Handling Criminal Cases of Environmental Pollution in 2013, it was generally believed that the basic crime of environmental pollution belonged to result crime.But since then, whether it belongs to result crime or behavioral crime, there has been a great controversy in criminal law theory until now. In fact, from the standpoint of ecological anthropocentrism, whether criminal law legislation or judicial interpretation, the basic crime of environmental pollution belongs to the result offense, and the establishment condition of the accomplished offense is the occurrence of infringement results. In order to realize the prevention and criminalization of environmental criminal law in the construction of ecological civilization and to effectively control environmental crimes, the basic crime of environmental pollution should be criminalized to behavior. Since then, the crime of polluting the environment consists of three steps, the first two steps with the risk of serious pollution and serious pollution of the environment for the establishment of conditions, the last step with a particularly serious consequences for the establishment of conditions.

关 键 词：污染环境罪 基本犯 行为犯化 罪刑阶梯 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]