对“理性功能主义”与霍华德“田园城市”理论的再思考  

Rethinking of "Rational Functionalism" and Howard’s Theory of "Garden City"

作　　者：王婷婷 WANG Ting-ting(School of Architecture and Urban Planning,Lanzhou Jiaotong University)

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学建筑与城市规划学院

出　　处：《智能建筑与智慧城市》2022年第10期33-35,共3页Intelligent Building & Smart City

摘　　要：城市规划的发展是随着社会的发展而不断变化的,在工业革命之后,“城市病”日益严重,城市急剧膨胀,城市矛盾日益尖锐,环境保护与城市建设的博弈也开始受到大众的广泛关注,如居住问题、环境问题、交通问题。这些问题阻碍了人们生活和社会发展,为解决这些阻碍社会发展的矛盾,很多专家学者先后提出很多城市规划的思想研究城市发展,并把它们应用到实际案例中。在这种背景下,对于霍华德的“田园城市”规划思想的再思考是必要的。提及田园城市,它的核心在于“城与乡的结合”。同时,因为它极具理想主义的色彩,被称为最后的“乌托邦”。霍华德将目光转向了改善城市环境,以人为中心,让人们生活更舒适,与当前中国的城市现状相联系,为解决城市问题提供了一种思路。而“理性功能主义”规划思想就是我们常说的现代城市主义规划,它的核心在于“功能主义”。现代主义城市规划作为包豪斯学派的产物,将功能主义与理性主义完美融合。The development of urban planning is changing with the development of the society. After the industrial revolution, the "city disease" became increasingly serious, the city expanded rapidly, and the urban contradictions became increasingly acute. The game between environmental protection and urban construction also began to attract widespread attention from the public, such as housing problems, environmental problems and traffic problems. These problems hinder people’s life and social development. In order to solve these contradictions that hinder social development, many experts and scholars have put forward a lot of thought of urban planning to study urban development, and apply them to the actual case. Under this background, it is necessary to reconsider Howard’s planning thought of "garden city". Referring to garden city,its core lies in the "combination of city and countryside". At the same time, because of its idealistic color, it is known as the last "utopia". Howard turned his attention to improving the urban environment, focusing on people and making people’s life more comfortable, which was linked to the current urban status in China and provided a way of thinking for solving the urban problems. The "rational functionalism" planning thought is what we often call modern urbanism planning. When referring to modern urbanism planning, its core definition lies in "functionalism". As a product of Bauhaus School, modernist urban planning perfectly integrates functionalism and rationalism.

关 键 词：田园城市 理性功能主义 中国城市规划 规划思想评析 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]