添加型阻燃剂的研究进展与发展趋势  

Research progress and development trend of additive flame retardants

作　　者：王菁 陈蕾 李圣军 孙燕琳 杨冰冰 甘胜华 WANG Jing;CHEN Lei;LI Shengjun;SUN Yanlin;YANG Bingbing;GAN Shenghua(ZheJiang Tongkun Institute for Advanced Materials Co.,Ltd.,Tongxiang 314500;Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Research and Development,Tongxiang 314500;Tongkun Group Co.,Ltd.,Tongxiang 314500;Zhejiang Hengchuang Innovative Center for Advanced Functional Fiber Co.,Ltd.,Tongxiang 314513)

机构地区：[1]浙江桐昆新材料研究院有限公司,浙江桐乡314500 [2]嘉兴市新材料研发重点实验室,浙江桐乡314500 [3]桐昆集团股份有限公司,浙江桐乡314500 [4]浙江恒创先进功能纤维创新中心有限公司,浙江桐乡314513

出　　处：《合成纤维工业》2022年第5期69-74,共6页China Synthetic Fiber Industry

摘　　要：高分子材料具有易燃性,工业上常采用共混改性法对其进行阻燃改性。概述了添加型阻燃剂的主要类型、阻燃机理及其研究现状。目前添加型阻燃剂已从传统的卤系阻燃剂发展到环保型卤系阻燃剂、磷系阻燃剂、氮系阻燃剂、金属氢氧化物阻燃剂、膨胀型阻燃剂,再到近年新兴的硅系阻燃剂和生物基阻燃剂等。金属氢氧化物阻燃剂和氮系阻燃剂具有高添加量和低相容性的缺点,新型硅系和生物基阻燃剂技术尚未成熟,环保型卤系阻燃剂、磷系阻燃剂和膨胀型阻燃剂因阻燃效率高、相容性好,是目前阻燃改性领域的主流产品。介绍了增强阻燃剂高效性的常用技术,如微胶囊化、超细化、表面活性处理和复配协效等。展望了添加型阻燃剂的未来发展趋势,强调利用超细化和协同增效等技术开发无卤、环保、分散性好、相容性高及兼具多重功能的阻燃剂是未来的主要研发方向。Polymer materials are usually flame retardant modified by blend modification due to their ignitability in industry.The main types,flame retardant mechanism and research progress of additive flame retardants were summarized.The additive flame retardants have developed from traditional halogen-based flame retardants to environmentally friendly halogen-based flame retardant,phosphorus flame retardants and nitrogen flame retardants,metal hydroxide flame retardants and intumescent flame retardants,and then to novel silicon-based flame retardants and bio-based flame retardants in recent years.Environmentally friendly halogen-based flame retardants,phosphorus flame retardants and intumescent flame retardants are the mainstream products in the field of flame retardant modification due to their high flame retardant efficiency and good compatibility,while metal hydroxide flame retardants and nitrogen flame retardants have the defects of high dosage and poor compatibility and the technologies of novel silicon-based and bio-based flame retardants are not mature.The commonly used methods to enhance the high efficiency of flame retardants,such as microencapsulation,ultra-fine treatment,surface active treatment and compound synergy techniques,were introduced.And the future development trend of the addtive flame retardants was outlooked.It was emphasized that the research trend in the future should be focused on the development of halogen-free environmentally friendly multifunctional flame retardants with good dispersion and high compatibility by using ultra-fine treatment and synergistic technologies.

关 键 词：阻燃剂 共混改性 阻燃效率 技术进展 

分 类 号：TQ314.24[化学工程—高聚物工业]