面向“双碳”需求变革主要碳基能源利用模式的思考  

Transformation of Fossil Energy Utilization Modein Responding to the Double-carbon Targets

作　　者：贾鑫 韩振南 姜新东[1] 张战国 白丁荣 王勤辉[2] 孙绍增[3] 许光文[1] JIA Xin;HAN Zhennan;JIANG Xindong;ZHANG Zhanguo;BAI Dingrong;WANG Qinhui;SUN Shaozeng;XU Guangwen(Key Laboratory on Resources of Chemicals and Materials of Ministry of Education,Shenyang University of Chemical Technology,Shenyang Liaoning Province110142,China;State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou Zhejiang Province 310027,China;School of Energy Science and Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin Heilongjiang Province150006,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳化工大学特色资源化工与材料教育部重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110142 [2]浙江大学能源清洁利用国家重点实验室,浙江杭州310027 [3]哈尔滨工业大学能源科学与工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150006

出　　处：《中国发展》2022年第4期56-68,共13页China Development

摘　　要：煤炭是我国能源供应的“稳定器”和“压舱石”,各种化石碳基能源的消费则是碳排放的主要来源,占比90%。该文分析我国现存煤炭、天然气、石油的主要利用途径,发现燃料属性与利用途径或领域存在未优化匹配的问题。基于煤炭的能源属性、天然气和石油的碳氢原料属性的原则,从最小化碳排放视角,协同煤炭、天然气、石油对不同工业的利用,提出了煤炭等主要化石碳基能源利用模式的再思考。一是优先实施煤炭热解制富氢燃气/原料气并替代工业燃用天然气;二是坚持煤炭及其热解半焦火力发电满负荷高效运行提供基础电力,联合天然气使用煤热解燃气负责调峰发电;三是工业燃烧最大限度使用煤热解燃气,天然气最大限度用为化工原料和民生燃料;四是区域性规划电力和燃气供给,新建局域煤基工业燃气管网,与现存天然气管网互联,为区域内工业燃烧和调峰发电稳定供给燃气;五是推进工业碳原料和产品的循环利用,拓展石化产业的非化石碳氢原料供给,最大化石化产业的化工产品生产;六是大力发展大型储能,全社会层面强化用能的优化管理措施和途径,以全面推进我国碳基能源资源的高效低碳利用,相对现有模式可潜在每年减少数十亿吨规模的二氧化碳排放。The strategic position of fossil energy utilization as the main energy source of China will remain unchangedfor a substantially long term. In particular, coalplays a crucialrolein guaranteeing the bottom lineofthenational energy supply. However, carbon emission from fossil energy consumption takesthe exclusively dominantpercent above 90% of greenhouse gases. Ourlow-carbon strategy has to be coordinated with economy development. Analyzing the existing ways using different fossil fuels, we identified a big proportion of misallocated nature gas and coal to cause mismatchedhigh carbon emissions.An innovative mode ishence proposed to reach the possible low-carbon utilizations of coal, natural gas and oil. It believes that coal is essentially a "energy source", while nature gas and petroleum are more of the nature as carbonaceous materials or feedstock. Thus, coal should be converted first into hydrogen-rich gas and char so thatchar can be burnt for electricity with full load and high efficiency, and the hydrogen-rich gas, which may be transferred in locally grid of gas pipelines, is used for peak power generation as well as industrial combustion to replace natural gas traditionally used. In turn, natural gascan bemainly applied for chemical industry and people’s livelihood.Meanwhile, the variousnon-fossil hydrocarbon sourcesincluding spent polymers, biomass and organic wastes should be widely transformed intoliquid feedstock that can be taken to replacecrude petroleum. The development of large-scale energy storageand optimal management of energy utilization at the entire society level arealso deemed tobe urgent for low-carbon green development. As a consequence, these new measures allow billions of tons CO_(2) to bepotentially reduced annually.

关 键 词：双碳 碳基能源 利用模式 热解燃气 电力调峰 碳原料循环 

分 类 号：TK-9[动力工程及工程热物理]