《恶趣经》相关图像在吐蕃的发现和传播  

Mutual Certification of Images and Texts--On the Discovery and Dissemination of Images Related to Sarvadurgatiparisodhan from the Tibetan Period

作　　者：卢素文[1] LU Suwen(Museum,Sichuan University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610064)

机构地区：[1]四川大学博物馆,四川成都610064

出　　处：《敦煌研究》2022年第4期13-22,共10页Dunhuang Research

基　　金：国家社科青年项目"皮央·东嘎佛教遗存研究"(20CKG018)。

摘　　要：通过对吐蕃时期《恶趣经》相关图像和文献进行研究,得出以下结论:其一,卫藏、川青藏交界地带以及敦煌发现的吐蕃时期普明大日如来、释迦形大日如来以及毗沙门天王像,其图像特征基本与《恶趣经》中相关记载一致,推测与《恶趣经》相关;其二,《韦协》《贤者喜宴》等文献皆记载吐蕃王室修建桑耶寺时造普明大日如来像,利用四天王占卜,并造四天王像,以及在葬仪中利用恶趣清净曼荼罗等,说明吐蕃时期《恶趣经》在吐蕃腹心地带流行。By combining the documents and images related to the manuscript Sarvadurgatiparisodhan from the Tibetan period of Chinese history(7-9th centuries),this paper comes to two conclusions.First,the iconographical features of the images of Mahavairocana("kun rig rnambasnangmdzad"),Sakyamuni-like Mahavairocana,and Vaisravana discovered in U-Tsang,located in Dunhuang and the border area between Sichuan,Qinghai and Tibet,are basically consistent with descriptions of the Mahavairocana mandala and the Four Heavenly Kings mandala recorded in Sarvadurgatiparisodhan,This suggests that these images may have been created based on the descriptions in this text.Second,historical documents such as Dba'Bzhed and mkas pavi dgav ston record that the Tibetan royal family made the statue of"kun rig rnambasnangmdzad"when they built the Samye Temple,that they created images of the Four Heavenly Kings for the purpose of divination,and that they used the Durgatiparisodhana Mandala in funeral ceremonies.This evidence indicates the popularity of Sarvadurgatiparisodhan in Tibet from the 7th to the 9th century.

关 键 词：普明大日如来 毗沙门天王 《恶趣经》 

分 类 号：K879.29[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] B946.6[历史地理—历史学]