成组生物毒性测试在污染场地土壤生态毒性评价中的应用  

Application of bioassay battery test for the ecotoxicity assessment of contaminated sites soils

作　　者：高金玲[1,2] 汪贞 古文 范德玲 梁梦园 刘济宁 张志 GAO Jinling;WANG Zhen;GU Wen;FAN Deling;LIANG Mengyuan;LIU Jining;ZHANG Zhi(College of Modern Agriculture and Ecological Environment,Heilongjiang University,Harbin Heilongjiang 150080;Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Nanjing Jiangsu 210042)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150080 [2]生态环境部南京环境科学研究所,江苏南京210042

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2022年第10期1343-1350,共8页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2019YFC1803404)。

摘　　要：土壤生态毒性测试可以比较全面地反映土壤污染程度,为化学分析方法提供补充,但目前缺乏针对土壤生态毒性测试的毒性分级系统。采用发光菌、大型溞(Daphnia magna)、白符跳(Folsomia candida)以及玉米种子4种受试生物构建了成组生物毒性测试系统,对《土壤污染防治行动计划》中涉及的3个行业的7个污染场地土壤样品开展了测试。结合《土壤质量土壤和土壤材料生态毒理特性的生物测试方法选择与评估指南》(ISO 17616:2019)毒性标准、毒性单位分级评价法与成组毒性测试综合指数(TBI)法对成组生物毒性测试结果进行了评价。毒性单位分级评价法、TBI法均显示7个污染场地土壤有毒,与ISO 17616:2019毒性标准的评价结果一致,但毒性单位分级评价法与TBI法判定的毒性程度存在差异。毒性单位分级评价法评价结果有助于聚焦土壤受损功能,算法简单,毒性标准可以统一,更具有推广应用价值。Soil ecotoxicity tests provide a more comprehensive reflection of the extent of soil contamination and can be a good supplement to chemical analysis,but there is currently short of toxicity classification system for soil ecotoxicity test.A bioassay battery test system was constructed by four toxicity bioassays of luminescent bacteria,Daphnia magna,Folsomia candida and corn seed,and the bioassay battery test was carried out on seven contaminated sites soil from three industries,which were mentioned in“Action plan on prevention and control of soil pollution”.The results of the bioassay battery test were evaluated by toxicity standard from“Soil quality-guidance on the choice and evaluation of bioassays for ecotoxicological characterization of soils and soil materials”(ISO 17616:2019),toxicity unit classification system(TCS)method and toxicity test battery integrated index(TBI)method.The overall results of TCS method and TBI method showed that contaminated sites soil were toxic,which were consistent with the results evaluated by toxicity standard from ISO 17616:2019,but there were differences between contamination extent based on TCS method and TBI method.The results of the TCS method helped to focus on the damaged functions of the soil,its algorithm was simple and the toxicity criteria could be standardized,making it more valuable for general application.

关 键 词：土壤 成组生物毒性 毒性单位分级评价 成组毒性测试综合指数 生态毒性评价 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X826