下沉式绿地降低城市交通噪声效果研究  

The Effect of Sunken Green Space on Urban Traffic Noise Reduction

作　　者：刘昌胜 王金耀[1] 李森[1] 邢国明[1] LIU Chang-sheng;WANG Jin-yao;LI Sen;XING Guo-ming(Horticulture College,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong,Shanxi 030600)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学园艺学院,山西晋中030600

出　　处：《陕西林业科技》2022年第4期53-58,共6页Shaanxi Forest Science and Technology

摘　　要：为给以降低汽车交通噪音为主要目的的城市绿地地形处理提供依据和参考,在大同市选择下沉、水平2种地形,乔灌草、乔草、乔灌、灌草等4种植物配置模式和空旷地,在道路边沿不同距离点进行噪音音量测定,研究分析了不同地形、不同植被模式的降噪效果,结果为:(1)与水平地形相比,下沉地形降低噪音峰值作用明显。(2)与距离为0 m相比,噪音峰值,不同植被配置方式及不同地形达到显著差异的观测点距离不尽相同,下沉地形4种植被配置方式从10 m处噪音峰值都显著降低;水平地形随着植物配置的简化或乔木的去除,显著差异点距离增加,都在15 m以上。(3)噪声峰值衰减率变化,随距离的变化都变现为小—大—小趋势,水平地形和下沉地形都是当水平距离增加到水平地形距离30 m时接近本底值;水平地形距离达20 m时达到最大,之后又缩小,乔灌草>乔灌>乔草>灌草>空旷地形;下沉地形距离10 m(下沉1 m)时达到最大;乔灌草模式噪声衰减率增加最快,4种下沉绿地降噪效果差异较小。营建以降低汽车噪音为主要目的的绿地时,为减少用地建议优先选用下沉地形、乔灌草和乔灌模式,绿地与道路距离下沉地10 m、水平地20 m。The noise reduction effect of sunken green space on urban traffic noise is analyzed with different terrains.The noise reduction effect of sunken terrain under different plant configuration modes and horizontal terrain under the same plant configuration mode,as well as the same green terrain and open terrain,was compared.The horizontal canopy density was measured in the tree configuration mode.The results showed that i)the attenuation amplitude of the noise is obvious,compared with flat terrain;ii)different plant configuration together with different terrains have different horizon distances for peak values of noise reduction.Sunken terrains with all kinds of plant configurations had significant reduction of noise when the horizon distance was over 10 m,while flat terrains will need over 15 m to reach significant reduction of noise;iii)noise attenuation rate varied with horizon distances,with a tendency of small-big-small.When the horizon distance reached over 30 m,the noise value may reach same either flat terrains or sunken terrains.There was a positive correlation between the horizontal canopy density and the average noise attenuation rate(R>0)in the plant configuration mode with trees.The average attenuation rate of noise in horizontal terrain was in the order of tree-shrub-grass>tree-shrub>tree-grass>shrub-grass>open terrain.It is a new discovery that the noise reduction effect of sunken terrain was obvious when it sinks 1 m for the first time,and then the noise reduction effect becomes slow.This is a law worth utilizing in the design of urban sunken green space,and the noise reduction effect can be enhanced by planting trees,irrigation and grass plants.

关 键 词：交通噪声 下沉式 绿地 降噪 植物配置 

分 类 号：S731.2[农业科学—林学]