基于小波包和EMD的HHT时频分析方法在航空试验器轴承故障诊断中的应用  

Application of HHT Time-Frequency Analysis Technology in Aeronautical Test-Rig Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on Wavelet Packet and EMD

作　　者：吕作鹏 罗健 杨晓彤 苏钧聪 李晓玉 占锐 LYU Zuo-peng;LUO Jian;YANG Xiao-tong;SU Jun-cong;LI Xiao-yu;ZHAN Rui(Department of Mechanical Systems,AECC Commercial Aircraft Engine Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200241,China;Center for Instrumentation and Rig Testing,AECC Shanghai Commercial Aircraft Engine Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司机械系统部,上海200241 [2]中国航发上海商用航空发动机制造有限责任公司试验验证中心,上海201306

出　　处：《测控技术》2022年第10期17-25,共9页Measurement & Control Technology

基　　金：上海市2020年度“科技创新行动计划”高新技术领域项目(20511106100)。

摘　　要：为适应高转速要求,航空试验器轴承通常选用陶瓷的球体和复合材料的保持架。这种轴承发热量小,同时保持架材料具有轻且脆的结构特点。轴承振动经过试验器传递到振动传感器后,常规的振动采集与温度监控都很难识别出有效的轴承故障信息,无法对轴承故障进行准确预判。针对这一问题,提出一种基于小波包、经验模态分解(EMD)和Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT)组合的轴承振动信号分析方法。首先,通过小波包对振动噪声的抑制作用,经由EMD方法,对非平稳信号进行平稳化处理;之后,通过HHT时频分析提取出轴承的故障频率。通过将仿真信号和航空试验器的高速工装轴承的故障试验信号进行对比分析,验证了该技术对提取该类轴承故障特征的有效性,可为轴承故障早期诊断方法的研究提供参考。In order to meet the requirements of high speed,ceramic sphere and composite material cage are chosen as the bearing in an aeronautical test-rig respectively,which has low heat generation and light and brittle structure.After the bearing vibration is transmitted to the vibration sensor through the test-rig,it is difficult to identify and predict the bearing fault information effectively by common vibration collection and temperature monitoring.To overcome this problem,a method based on wavelet packet,empirical mode decomposition(EMD) and Hilbert-Huang transform(HHT) has been established to analyze the vibration signal of a bearing.Firstly,the noise in the signal is suppressed by wavelet packet.Then,the EMD method is used to stabilize the non-stationary signals.Finally,the defect frequencies of bearing are extracted by HHT time-frequency analysis.With comparing and analyzing the simulation signals and the fault test signals of high-speed tooling bearings of the aeronautical test-rig,the validity of the proposed method for extracting the defect characteristics of the bearing has been verified,which can provide some references for the research of the early diagnosis method of bearing faults.

关 键 词：航空试验器 小波包 经验模态分解(EMD) Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT) 轴承故障频率 

分 类 号：TP306.3[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构]