《民法典》中生态环境修复责任法律性质辨析  

Analysis on the Legal Nature of Ecological Environment Restoration Responsibility in Civil Code

作　　者：秘明杰[1] 娄玉帅 Bei Ming-jie;LOU Yu-shuai(Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao,Shandong,266590)

机构地区：[1]山东科技大学文法学院,山东青岛266590

出　　处：《湖南警察学院学报》2022年第3期54-61,共8页Journal of Hunan Police Academy

基　　金：2021年度山东省研究生教育优质课程“环境资源法学”(SDYKC21061)。

摘　　要：随着生态环境损害案件的频发,国家对于生态环境保护的力度在不断加强,在《中华人民共和国民法典》中新增了生态环境修复责任等有关生态环境保护的新内容,但学界对于生态环境修复责任的性质以及与恢复原状之间的关系等方面却存有争议。由于生态环境修复责任相较与恢复原状过错要件更严格、参与主体更广泛、恢复标准更松弛、适用前提更粗略,明确了两者之间并非种属关系。从生态环境修复责任设立目的的补救性、责任主体的可替代性、主观要件的无过错性和客观要件的非违法性等方面,进一步厘清了生态环境修复责任应该是一种在民事责任框架下的,与恢复原状相互独立的,具备公益性和补偿性的单一的环境法律责任。With the frequent occurrences of ecological environment damage cases,China has continuously strengthened her efforts to protect the ecological environment.The Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China has added new contents related to ecological environment protection such as the responsibility of ecological environment restoration.However,different understandings of the nature of environment restoration responsibility have appeared,and there are disputes on what kind of legal responsibility the ecological environment restoration responsibility belongs to and the definition of the relationship with restoration to the original state.Because the conditions of ecological environment restoration responsibility are stricter than those of restoration,the participants are more extensive than those of restoration,the standards of restoration are looser than those of restoration,and the applicable premise is rougher than restoration,it is clear that there is no species relationship between these two.In terms of the remedial nature of the purpose of establishing the ecological environment restoration responsibility,the substitutability of the responsible subject,the no-fault of the subjective elements,and the non-illegal nature of the objective elements,it is further clarified that the ecological environment restoration responsibility should be a kind of responsibility under the framework of civil liability.It is a single environmental legal responsibility with public welfare and compensatory nature,which is independent of the restoration of the original state.

关 键 词：民法典 生态环境修复责任 恢复原状 公益性 补偿性 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]