德国刑法上性侵受照护人罪及其启示  

On the Crime of Sexual Assault on the Care Recipient in German Criminal Law and Its Reference for China

作　　者：何坦 赵冠男[2] HE Tan;ZHAO Guannan(ChangshaUniversity,Changsha410022;Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410018)

机构地区：[1]长沙学院法学院 [2]湖南师范大学法学院

出　　处：《犯罪研究》2022年第4期100-112,共13页Chinese Criminology Review

基　　金：长沙学院2019年度人才引进科研基金项目(项目编号:SF2121);国家社科基金中华学术外译项目“《中华人民共和国刑法的孕育诞生和发展完善》(德文版)”(项目编号:17WFX009)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《德国刑法典》第174条规定之性侵受照护人罪的修订沿革明显呈现不断趋严的立法趋势,实践中节节下降的案发数量体现了修法的惩治实效。性侵受照护人罪的法益内涵应为受照护人消极面向的性自主,而本罪的罪名性质应为抽象危险犯。第174条第1款、第2款、第3款分类规定了个体照护关系下的、机构照护关系下的和无身体接触的性侵受照护人罪行,第1款又涵括了性侵受教养或照顾者,滥用教育、职务或工作关系性侵,以及性侵后代三种情形。德国刑法具有的细致的类型设计、体系的罪行构建、清晰的层次划分、紧密的条款关联、系统的法律修改和良性的司法互动等特点,有一定的借鉴意义。For the understanding and application of the crime of sexual assault by persons with caregiving duties in the criminal law of China, the crime of sexual assault on the care recipient stipulated in Article 174 of the German Criminal Code can be used for reference. The revision history stipulated in Article 174 clearly shows a trend of stricter legislation, and the declining number of incidents in practice reflects the effectiveness of the revision of the law. The connotation of the legal interest of the crime of sexual assault on the care recipient should be the negative aspect of sexual autonomy of the care recipient, and the nature of the crime should be an abstract dangerous offense. Paragraph 1, paragraph 2, and paragraph 3 of Article 174 categorize the crimes of sexual assault of a caregiver in individual care relationships, institutional care relationships, and no physical contact. Paragraph 1 also covers sexual assault. There are three situations of educating or caring for, abuse of education, sexual assault of position or working relationship, and sexual assault of offspring. German criminal law has the characteristics of detailed type design, systematic crime construction, clear level division, close clause association,systematic legal revision and benign judicial interaction, etc., which are of reference significance.

关 键 词：德国刑法典 性侵受照护人罪 法益内涵 犯罪构成 司法适用 

分 类 号：D951.6[政治法律—法学] DD914