综合配套改革背景下法官司法责任问题研究  

The Judicial Responsibility of Judges under the Comprehensive Reform Supporting the Judicial Accountability System

作　　者：胡佳[1] HU Jia(Law School,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610207,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学法学院,成都610207

出　　处：《四川轻化工大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第4期25-44,共20页Journal of Sichuan University of Science & Engineering：Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(20AZD029)。

摘　　要：司法责任制是司法体制改革的关键,深化司法体制综合配套改革应以全面落实司法责任制为重心,以责任制落实的薄弱环节及其配套机制建设着手,增强改革的共生、联动效应。经过前期改革,我国已经基本搭建起法官司法责任制度的体系框架,司法责任制度及其配套制度的具体落实取得了显著成效,法官独立地位和办案责任心显著增强,审判质效和司法公信力得以提升。但是,由于历史和现实的各种原因,改革还存在不少短板,需要进一步补齐。一是权责不平衡。法官责任整体加重但独立履职仍面临一定制约,不利于法官工作积极性的提高和审判队伍的持续优化;二是权责不明确。各地责任清单较为混乱、违法审判责任构成要件抽象、各项责任界限不清,容易造成责任追究的误用、滥用;三是责任追究不到位。如公开追责少、追责片面化、终身追责落于形式,导致难以对司法人员形成实质的制约监督,损害制度生命力。深化司法体制综合配套改革背景下,应当在坚持司法责任制改革基本方向的基础上,注意把握四组关系:第一,坚持权力与责任均衡,既要确保有序放权、科学配权,规范有序行权,还要防止追责的片面偏激。第二,把握独立与受制的矛盾统一,做到放权不放任、监督到位不越位。第三,统筹协调集体责任与个人责任,在坚持法院整体本位的前提下,突出法官个体的责任地位,注意防范责任分散效应。第四,实现内部制约与外部监督的配合、协作,合理利用行政性监督措施。具体举措上,首先,在统一权责清单,明确办案人员职责和权限的基础上,有效发挥专业法官会议在辅助案件决策、统一法律适用、强化制约监督的作用,同时加强和改善院庭长的审判监督管理,促进法官依法履职保障。其次,要严格解释责任要件、注意把握各类责任的差异和边界、健全法官责The judicial accountability system is the key of the judicial system reform.Deepening the comprehensive reform supporting the judicial accountability system means focusing on the full implementation of the judicial accountability system,starting with the weak links in the implementation of the accountability system and the construction of its supporting mechanisms,and enhancing the symbiotic and linkage effects of the reform.After the initial reform,China has basically built a system framework for the judicial responsibility system for judges,and the concrete implementation of the judicial responsibility system and its supporting systems has achieved remarkable results,e.g.judges’independence and responsibility in handling cases significantly has been enhanced,and the quality of trials and judicial credibility has been improved.However,due to various historical and practical reasons,there are still many shortcomings in the reform that need to be further remedied.Firstly,there is an imbalance between power and responsibility.The overall responsibility of judges has increased but they still face certain constraints in performing their duties independently,which is not conducive to the improvement of judges’motivation and the continuous optimization of the trial team.Secondly,the powers and responsibilities are not clear.The list of responsibilities in various areas is relatively confusing,the abstraction of the elements of responsibility for illegal trials,the boundaries of responsibility are unclear,easily resulting in the misuse of accountability or abuse.Thirdly,accountability is not in place.For instance,little public accountability,one-sided accountability,and formalistic lifelong accountability lead to difficulties in the formation of substantive constraints on judicial supervision and damage to the vitality of the system.In the context of deepening the comprehensive reform of the judicial system,attention should be paid to grasping four groups of relationships on the basis of adhering to the basic direct

关 键 词：审判责任 法官惩戒 错案追究 综合配套改革 职业保障 

分 类 号：D926.2[政治法律—法学]