鹅粪与玉米秸秆混合好氧堆肥处理工艺研究  

Research on Treatment Technology of Mixed Aerobic Compost with Goose Manure and Maize Straw

作　　者：王粟 刘国君[2] 裴占江 史风梅 陈志峰 孙金艳[2] 李鹏飞 刘杰 WANG Su;LIU Guo-jun;PEI Zhan-jiang;SHI Feng-mei;CHEN Zhi-feng;SUN Jin-yan;LI Peng-fei;LIU Jie(Heilongjiang Academy of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization,Harbin 150086,China;Animal Husbandry Research Institute,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086,China;Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qiqihar 161005,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省黑土保护利用研究院,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院畜牧研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [3]黑龙江省农业科学院畜牧兽医分院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161005

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2022年第10期28-32,共5页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：黑龙江省农业科学院“农业科技创新跨越工程”专项(HNK2019CX18)。

摘　　要：我国是鹅业生产大国,随着养殖业规模化和集约化程度不断提高,将鹅粪作为有机肥还田,是实现资源化利用的有效途径。为确定鹅粪与玉米秸秆混合好氧堆肥最佳工艺条件,采用多物料协同混合好氧堆肥技术,以鹅粪及玉米秸秆为原料,研究不同C/N对好氧堆肥过程的影响,评价肥料利用的养分含量及安全还田指标。结果表明,鹅粪与玉米秸秆混合好氧堆肥原料C/N为25∶1,含水率60%时,为最佳工艺条件,堆体升温期相比其他处理组提前2 d,高温期堆肥温度最高达42℃,pH最高达7.88,EC值达到1641μS·cm^(-1)。好氧堆肥结束后,有机质含量、腐殖酸、水溶性盐、速效钾、总氮和总钾含量的增长率分别达到了12.3%、38.5%、12.5%、28.5%、8.7%和37.4%,蛔虫卵死亡率达到100%,未检出大肠杆菌,以及四环素和恩诺沙星等抗生素,重金属含量均低于国家土壤自然背景值。因此,鹅粪与玉米秸秆混合好氧堆肥原料C/N为25∶1含水率为60%可作为优质肥料进行还田。China is the country with the largest number of goose producers in the world.With the continuous improvement of the scale and intensification of aquaculture,returning goose manure as organic fertilizer to the field will be an effective way to realize its resource utilization.In order to determine the optimal process conditions for mixed aerobic composting of goose manure and maize straw,a mixed aerobic composting technology with goose manure and maize straw as raw materials was used to study the influence of C/N on the aerobic composting process.The nutrient content of fertilizers and the safety returned to the field were evaluated.When the C/N ratio of goose manure and maize straw 25∶1 and the moisture content was 60%,its the best technological condition for aerobic composting.Compared with other treatment groups,the heating period of this treatment group were 2 days earlier.When the compost temperature reached 42℃,the pH reached 7.88 with the EC of 1641μS·cm^(-1).At the end of aerobic composting,the growth rate of organic matter content,humic acid,water-soluble salt,available potassium,total nitrogen and total potassium content reached 12.3%,38.5%,12.5%,28.5%,8.7%and 37.4%,respectively.In addition,the death rate of roundworm eggs reached 100%,Escherichia coli,and antibiotics such as tetracycline and enrofloxacin were not detected.The content of heavy metals was lower than the national natural background value of soil.Therefore,the C/N of the mixed aerobic compost material of goose manure and maize straw is 25∶1 and the moisture content is 60%,which can be used as high-quality fertilizer for returning to the field.

关 键 词：鹅粪 玉米秸秆 好氧堆肥。 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]