莆田黑猪肠道菌群的动态变化及其对平均日增重的影响  

Dynamic distribution of gut microbiota in Putian black pigs and effect on average daily gain

作　　者：陈巧慧 蓝群 潘家华 谢颖瑜 周劢 曹嘉程 肖天放[1] 方绍明 CHEN Qiao-hui;LAN Qun;PAN Jia-hua;XIE Ying-yu;ZHOU Mai;CAO Jia-cheng;XIAO Tian-fang;FANG Shao-ming(College of Animal Science(College of Bee Science),Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学动物科学学院(蜂学学院),福建福州350002

出　　处：《中国微生态学杂志》2022年第8期900-906,共7页Chinese Journal of Microecology

基　　金：福建省现代农业生猪产业技术体系项目(MNZ2019-144);福建省自然科学基金项目(2020J01537)。

摘　　要：目的 本研究旨在揭示莆田黑猪肠道菌群在不同生长阶段的动态变化情况并探究其对平均日增重的影响。方法 本研究采集了60头莆田黑猪60日龄和240日龄时的粪便样品,利用16S rRNA基因测序分析了肠道菌群组成随时间的变化。随后,通过关联分析鉴别了与平均日增重显著相关的微生物类群和功能途径。结果 16S rRNA基因测序结果表明,莆田黑猪肠道菌群α-多样性随着日龄增大而显著升高。相反,β-多样性则显著降低。随日龄增加,肠道菌群中厚壁菌门的相对丰度显著降低,圣诞岛盐菌门的相对丰度显著升高(P<0.01)。此外,普雷沃菌NK3B31、螺旋菌属、罗氏菌属、乳酸杆菌属和普雷沃菌UCG-003在60日龄组肠道菌群中显著富集,密螺旋体属2则在240日龄组肠道菌群中具有更高的丰度。关联分析结果显示,8个OTUs和19条功能途径与平均日增重显著相关,与平均日增重相关的细菌可能通过参与复杂性多糖降解、短链脂肪酸代谢、免疫功能调控和炎症反应等过程影响莆田黑猪的生长。结论 本研究发现莆田黑猪肠道菌群在不同生长阶段会发生明显改变,肠道菌群的变化对平均日增重具有重要影响。Objective To explore the dynamic distribution of gut microbiota in Putian black pigs at different growth stages and unravel its effect on average daily gain(ADG). Methods Sixty fecal samples were collected from Putain black pigs at 60 days and 240 days of age, respectively. 16 S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to determine the alternations in gut microbial composition and structure. ADG-associated microbial taxa and functional pathways were identified using correlation analysis. Results The alpha diversity significantly increased with pigs growing, but the beta diversity exhibited reverse trend. The relative abundances of Firmicutes and Kiritimatiellaeota remarkably declined and increased from 60 days of age to 240 days of age, respectively. Additionally, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, Sphaerochaeta, Roseburia, Lactobacillus and Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 were enriched in gut microbial community of growing pigs, and Treponema_2 showed higher abundance in that of finishing pigs. Correlation analysis showed that 8 OTUs and 19 functional pathways were significantly associated with ADG. ADG-associated bacteria affecting the growth of Putian black pigs may be related to their key roles in complex polysaccharides degradation, short-chain fatty acids metabolism, immune function modulation, and inflammation response. Conclusion In this study, distinct changes in composition and structure of gut microbiota during different growth stages were observed and it could exert important effects on ADG. These findings will provide basic knowledge for further studies on the relationships between gut microbiota and growth performances in Putian black pigs, and underscore the importance of regulating gut microbiota to the improvement of ADG of Putian black pigs.

关 键 词：莆田黑猪 肠道菌群 平均日增重 

分 类 号：S828.9[农业科学—畜牧学]