清末民政部与近代卫生防疫事业——兼及善耆之历史贡献  

The Ministry of Civil Affairs of the Late Qing Dynasty and Health Administration in Modern China: The Historical Contribution of Shanqi

作　　者：纪浩鹏 Ji Haopeng

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史学系,北京100871

出　　处：《中国国家博物馆馆刊》2022年第9期121-132,共12页Journal of National Museum of China

摘　　要：自1906年丙午官制改革后,清政府设立了专管民政的民政部,负责统辖警政、建设、户口统计等诸多新政事宜,卫生防疫事务也被归入到了民政部的管辖范围中。在民政部诸任尚书中,善耆任职时间最长,对卫生防疫等诸多事务着墨最深。民政部在办理卫生防疫的过程中做了一些积极的努力和探索,制定出台了一系列法规、章程,这是近代以来中国政府制定的最早的卫生防疫法规。不过受特殊时空背景的限制,民政部在推进卫生防疫时存在着影响力不均衡的问题,京师在民政部的直接管控之下,而对于各省卫生防疫事务,民政部只能间接督核。不可否认的是,清末民政部所构建的卫生防疫体系是中国卫生防疫体系近代化的开端,也是国人探索近代化的过程中一次重要的努力。In the reform of government in 1906, the Qing court established the Ministry of Civil Affairs, which was responsible for the police, construction, household statistics, and many other issues. Health administration and epidemic prevention were also brought under the jurisdiction of this ministry. Of all the ministers, Shanqi served the longest and was most involved in matters such as sanitation and epidemic prevention. The Ministry of Civil Affairs made some positive efforts and the earliest sanitary and epidemic prevention regulations in modern China were formulated at the time. However, the Ministry had its limit in promoting and applying health policies, as the capital was under its direct control, while the Ministry could only indirectly supervise the affairs of the provinces. It is undeniable that the sanitary and epidemic prevention system built by the Ministry of Civil Affairs in the late Qing dynasty marks the beginning of China’s modern sanitary and epidemic prevention system and is an important effort in the process of modernization of the nation.

关 键 词：清末 民政部 善耆 卫生防疫体系 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学] R2-09[历史地理—中国史]