南通出土盐铁文物的腐蚀特征初探  

Preliminary Study on Corrosion Characteristics of Salt-Iron Cultural Relics Unearthed from Nantong

作　　者：徐森 陆琴[2] 余子骅 田建花[1,3] XU Sen;LU Qin;YU Zihua;TIAN Jianhua(Nanjing Museum,Nanjing 210016,China;Nantong Museum,Nantong 226001,China;Key Laboratory of Metal Conservation,Jiangsu Provinical Department of Culture and Tourism(Nanjing Museum),Nanjing 210016,China)

机构地区：[1]南京博物院,南京210016 [2]南通博物苑,南通226001 [3]金属文物保护江苏省文化和旅游重点实验室(南京博物院),南京210016

出　　处：《腐蚀与防护》2022年第7期39-43,共5页Corrosion & Protection

基　　金：江苏省科技计划项目(BE2021733)。

摘　　要：盐铁文物是极具地域特色的文物,是南通等地古代盐业高度发达的见证。为进一步了解这些文物的腐蚀机理和因素,本研究采用X射线荧光、X射线衍射、金相分析及扫描电镜能谱分析等方法对8件盐铁文物的锈蚀产物进行了分析。结果显示,盐铁文物材质主要为灰口铸铁,铸铁组织中的条状石墨、网状磷共晶与浇铸过程中出现的机械黏砂缺陷是造成这批文物机械强度下降进而诱发裂隙、层状剥落等病害的重要因素;锈蚀产物主要为α-FeOOH、Fe_(2)O_(3)、Fe_(3)O_(4)与γ-FeOOH,2件样品中检出较高含量的有害锈蚀β-FeOOH,鉴于基体与锈蚀层中存在诸多裂隙、β-FeOOH促进腐蚀及自重导致的应力腐蚀等因素,可知这批盐铁文物亟待有效的保护处理。Salt-iron cultural relics with regional characteristics are the witness of the highly developed ancient salt industry in Nantong and other places.In order to understand the corrosion mechanism and factors of these cultural relics,the corrosion products of eight salt-iron cultural relics were analyzed by portable X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,metallographic analysis,and scanning electron microscopy energy spectrum.The results showed that the materials of the eight samples were mainly gray cast iron.The strip graphite,the reticular phosphorus eutectic in the cast-iron structure,and the mechanical sand burning defects in the casting process were easy to cause the decline of the mechanical strength of these cultural relics,thus inducing cracks,lamellar spalling,and other diseases.The corrosion products of the samples wereα-FeOOH,Fe_(2)O_(3),Fe_(3)O_(4),andγ-FeOOH.Two samples were found to contain a high content of harmful rustβ-FeOOH.In view of the existence of many cracks in the matrix and corrosion layer,β-FeOOH promoted corrosion and stress corrosion caused by self-weight,it can be seen that these salt-iron cultural relics need urgent conservation treatment.

关 键 词：盐铁文物 灰铸铁 磷共晶 机械强度 锈蚀产物分析 

分 类 号：TG174[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]