历史的主线是生存斗争还是阶级斗争——以恩格斯对达尔文进化论的批判为视角  

Is the Main Thread of History the Struggle for Existence or the Class Struggle: From the Perspective of Engels’ Critique of Darwinian Theory of Evolution

作　　者：刘顺 Liu Shun

机构地区：[1]同济大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《毛泽东邓小平理论研究》2022年第6期85-94,F0003,共11页Studies on Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping Theories

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“马克思恩格斯对资本主义‘自由贸易’本质批判的当代价值研究”[20BKS014]阶段性成果。

摘　　要：达尔文进化论把生存斗争视作历史演进的主线,恩格斯对其展开了系统性批判。恩格斯认为生存斗争学说本质上是资产阶级的战争论、竞争论和人口论。如果把历史的主线简单理解为周期性生存斗争,那么人与动物的根本界线就会消除,历史发展的认知就要降维。生存斗争只是生理层面的历史现象,阶级斗争才是内在的历史本质。包括生存斗争在内的全部历史主线,应是围绕经济解放的阶级斗争而非其他。恩格斯对历史主线的科学阐释,为我们把握历史规律、提升历史自觉、增强历史主动,提供了历久弥新的认知范式和分析框架。The Darwinian theory of evolution, which regards the struggle for existence as the main line of historical evolution, was systematically criticized by Engels. He argued that the doctrine of struggle for existence was essentially a bourgeois theories of war, competition and population. If the main line of history is understood simply as the cyclical struggle for existence, the fundamental boundary between man and animal is accordingly eliminated and the perception of historical development is downgraded. The struggle for survival is only a physical facet of historical phenomenon;the class struggle is the essence of history at its core. The main line of history, including the struggle for existence, is no more than the class struggle for economic emancipation. Engels’ scientific interpretation of the main thread of history provides us with a time-honoured cognitive paradigm and analytical framework for grasping the laws of history, enhancing historical consciousness and strengthening historical initiative.

关 键 词：生存斗争 阶级斗争 达尔文进化论 历史本质 当代价值 

分 类 号：D61[政治法律—政治学]