电磁发射中电容电压跌落与补偿稳压技术研究  

Research on Capacitor Voltage Drop and the Voltage-Stabilizing Method by Power Compensation in EML

作　　者：李贞晓[1] 张亚舟 张之永 LI Zhenxiao;ZHANG Yazhou;ZHANG Zhiyong(National Key Laboratory of Transient Physics,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,Jiangsu,China;Beijing Machinery and Equipment Research Institute,Beijing 100854,China)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学瞬态物理国家重点实验室,江苏南京210094 [2]北京机械设备研究所,北京100854

出　　处：《火炮发射与控制学报》2022年第5期54-59,共6页Journal of Gun Launch & Control

摘　　要：在放电触发等待过程中,脉冲电源中电容电压通常会出现明显的跌落,而且放电触发等待时间的随机性会使得每次放电的电压跌落量均不相同。以用于电磁发射的脉冲电源为研究对象,根据脉冲功率模块的电路结构,分析了造成电容电压跌落的原因,主要是由于脉冲电容器自身漏电和主放电开关漏电所致。基于电磁轨道炮实验系统建立了仿真模型,计算了不同电容电压跌落量下的电枢出膛速度及速度下降率。仿真结果表明,电容电压跌落会导致电枢出膛速度减小、散布增大,影响了发射的一致性。针对电容电压跌落问题,提出了一种通过电能补偿实现电容电压动态稳定的方法,设计了电能补偿电路和适用于多模块组态脉冲电源电容电压采样的电压随动电路,对发射系统进行了补偿稳压技术改造,并开展了实验验证。结果表明,所采取的补偿稳压方法在放电触发等待过程中能将电容电压稳定在额定电压的0.5%范围之内。补偿稳压能够不受放电触发等待时间的影响,提高发射时脉冲电源放电电压的一致性,具有较高的应用价值。In the process of waiting for discharge triggering,obvious voltage drop of pulse capacitors is often observed in the pulsed power supply(PPS)and the randomness of the waiting time makes the voltage drop of each discharge different.Taking the PPS for electromagnetic launch as our research object,the reason of capacitor voltage drop was analyzed according to the circuit structure of the pulsed power module,which was mainly caused by the leakage of the pulse capacitors themselves and the main discharge switch.Based on an experimental system of the electromagnetic railgun,a simulation model was established with the armature muzzle velocity and velocity drop rates under different capacitor voltage drops calculated.The simulation results show that the drop of capacitor voltage would lead to the decrease of the armature muzzle velocity and the increase of dispersion,which would affect the consistency of launch.To solve the problem of capacitor voltage drop,a method which realizes the dynamic stability of capacitor voltage by power compensation has been put forward,and an electric energy compensation circuit was designed.The voltage servo circuit for capacitor voltage sampling of the PPS with a great many PPMs was also designed.The experimental system was modified by the voltage stability technology which was verified by experiments.The results show that the capacitor voltage can be stable within 0.5%of the rated voltage by the voltage-stabilizing method when waiting for discharge triggering.The voltage-stabilizing method by power compensation can improve the consistency of PPS discharge without being affected by the waiting time,thus demonstraing a high value of application.

关 键 词：电磁发射 脉冲电源 脉冲电容器 电压跌落 电压稳定 

分 类 号：TJ99[兵器科学与技术—武器系统与运用工程]