一体式膜曝气生物膜反应器实现部分亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化耦合生物除磷  

Integrated partial nitrification-anammox with biological phosphorus removal process in a one-stage membrane aerated biofilm reactor

作　　者：高超龙 狄斐 宋舒兴 徐东耀[1] 魏源送[2,3] 隋倩雯[2,3] GAO Chaolong;DI Fei;SONG Shuxing;XU Dongyao;WEI Yuansong;SUI Qianwen(School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering,China University of Mining&Technology-Beijing,Beijing 100083;Laboratory of Water Pollution Control Technology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085;State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085;School of Energy and Environmental Engineering,Hebei University of Engineering,Handan 056038)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京),化学与环境工程学院,北京100083 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,水污染控制实验室,北京100085 [3]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京100085 [4]河北工程大学,能源与环境工程学院,邯郸056038

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2022年第9期18-29,共12页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2021YFC3200601);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(No.2021042);广西重点研发计划项目(No.AB21196036)。

摘　　要：针对我国城市生活污水碳氮比低、处理成本高及氮磷同步去除存在碳源竞争等问题,构建了一体式膜曝气生物膜反应器(Membrane aerated biofilm reactor,MABR),分别采用纯生物膜系统和生物膜-絮体污泥复合系统,逐步实现了部分亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化与生物除磷工艺在单一反应器中的耦合及低碳氮比城市生活污水中氮、磷的高效去除.结果表明,第1阶段(纯生物膜系统),在进水中仅含有氨氮的条件下,部分亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺的NH_(4)^(+)-N和TN去除率分别为65.39%和50.67%.第2阶段(生物膜-絮体污泥复合系统),进水中增加了有机物,在COD/TN为3的条件下,TN和PO_(4)^(3-)-P的去除率分别达到89.90%和70.42%,实现了氮和磷的同步高效去除.微生物群落分析结果表明,反应器内存在大量的变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota),其中,Proteobacteria在生物膜和絮体污泥均有分布,而Bacteroidota主要分布于絮体污泥;反应器内还检测到了Candidatus Kuenenia、Candidatus Jettenia和Candidatus Brocadia 3种厌氧氨氧化菌,且Candidatus Brocadia为优势菌属,其在生物膜上的丰度达到了3.23%;此外,Candidatus Competibacter、Defluviicoccus等聚糖菌和聚磷菌Candidatus Accumulibacter、Dechloromonas在反应器内均有大量富集,共同构成了该生物膜-絮体污泥复合系统,实现了低碳氮比城市生活污水的同步脱氮除磷.Aiming at the issues of low C/N ratio,high operation&maintenance costs and carbon source competition during the simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus for urban domestic sewage,a membrane aerated biofilm reactor(MABR)was established in this study.The combination of the partial nitrification-anammox(PN/A)and biological phosphorus removal was gradually realized in a one-stage reactor through only biofilm reactor and the hybrid of biofilm and activated sludge in the MABR,resulting in high removals of nitrogen and phosphorus for urban sewage with low C/N ratio.In the first stage(straight MABR)with the influent only consisting of ammonia nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N),the PN/A process achieved the removal efficiencies of NH_(4)^(+)-N and TN of 65.39%and 50.67%,respectively.In the second stage(hybrid MABR)with influent at COD/TN of 3,the removal efficiencies of TN and PO_(4)^(3−)-P reached as high as 89.90%and 70.42%,respectively,realizing the simultaneous removals of nitrogen and phosphorus.The results of microbial community analysis showed that Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota were highly abundant in the reactor.Among them,Proteobacteria was evenly distributed in biofilm and floc,while Bacteroidota was mainly distributed in floc.Three genera of anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria were detected in the reactor,including Candidatus Kuenenia,Candidatus Jettenia and Candidatus Brocadia,and Candidatus Brocadia took the dominance.AnAOB reached the highest abundance of 3.16%on the biofilm.In addition,glycogen accumulating organisms(Candidatus Competibacter and Defluviicoccus)and polyphosphate accumulating organisms(Candidatus Accumulibacter and Dechloromonas)were also enriched in the reactor,forming the biofilm-floc sludge composite system,which promoted the simultaneous removals of nitrogen and phosphorus for municipal wastewater at low C/N ratio.

关 键 词：城市生活污水 低碳氮比 亚硝化 厌氧氨氧化 生物除磷 微生物群落 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]