近20年来京津冀地区土壤风蚀扬尘颗粒物排放变化  

Changes in the emission of dust particles from soil in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in the past 20 years

作　　者：赵志平[1] 齐永青[2] 汉瑞英 肖能文[1] 李俊生[1] ZHAO Zhiping;QI Yongqing;HAN Ruiying;XIAO Nengwen;LI Junsheng(State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050022,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012 [2]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心,石家庄050022

出　　处：《生态学报》2022年第19期7910-7920,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0501904);生物多样性调查评估项目(2019HJ2096001006)。

摘　　要：京津冀地区是我国大气污染严重区域,土壤扬尘颗粒物排放变化研究对于改善京津冀地区空气质量具有重要意义。收集2000—2019年京津冀地区气候、土壤、植被覆盖数据,分析近20年来京津冀地区土壤扬尘颗粒物排放变化,揭示其变化的影响因素。结果显示2000—2019年京津冀地区土壤扬尘源总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)排放系数均值为1.79 t km^(-2)a^(-1),其中PM10占8.99%,PM2.5占0.25%。近20年土壤扬尘源TSP排放系数具有下降趋势,PM10和PM2.5排放系数变化过程与TSP一致。上述变化主要受气候因子变化影响,其次受植被覆盖度影响。分析发现近20年来京津冀地区土壤扬尘源TSP排放系数变化主要受年降水量影响。沧州市、天津市和石家庄市土壤扬尘源TSP、PM10和PM2.5排放系数均值较高,张家口市、保定市和沧州市土壤扬尘源TSP排放量占京津冀地区总量的19.18%、12.98%和11.63%。耕地土壤扬尘排放量最大占京津冀地区总量的59.83%,是抑制土壤扬尘源颗粒物排放的重点关注对象,其次为草地占15.66%。2019年邢台市土壤扬尘源PM10排放占观测值比例最高为12.66%,石家庄市和天津市占比也较高分别为11.09%和10.30%,沧州市和邯郸市占比分别为8.63%和8.02%。上述地区环境管理部门均应关注土壤扬尘源颗粒物排放对空气质量的影响。Soil wind erosion is the process by which the topsoil material departs from the original position due to wind action.The source of soil dust is formed by the particles on the bare ground under the action of nature or manpower.The source of dust caused by soil wind erosion is the main source of fine particles.Particulate matter from the uncovered ground enters the atmosphere and causes air pollution.At present,haze pollution has been the main factor affecting the air quality in cities of China and it has become one of the important factors affecting people′s happiness in life.Although the air quality is improving year by year,atmospheric particulate matter is still the primary pollutant that affects the air quality of many cities in China,and soil dust is one of the important factors that cause serious urban particulate pollution.The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is an area with serious air pollution in China,and it is easily affected by sand and dust weather from the Inner Mongolia.According to the air quality status released by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment,only 53.1%of the days with good quality in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas are lower than the national average of 82.0%.Therefore,studying the changes in the emission of soil dust particles is of great significance for improving the air quality in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.In this study,we collected climate,soil,and vegetation coverage data in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,and analyzed the change of soil dust particulate emission in the region from 2000 to 2019.We also revealed the driving factors,with a view to provide scientific support for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region to reduce the emission of soil dust particles and to improve the air quality together.The results show that from 2000 to 2019 the average total suspended particulate(TSP)emission coefficient of soil dust sources was 1.79 t km^(-2)a^(-1),of which PM10 accounted for 8.99%and PM2.5 accounted for 0.25%in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.The TSP emission coeffi

关 键 词：气候因子 植被覆盖 土壤扬尘源 颗粒物排放 京津冀地区 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]