生物质发酵产热-小型温室棚联用对春冬季烟苗生长温度调控的数值研究  

Numerical study on temperature control of tobacco seedlings in spring and winter using a biomass fermentation heat production-small greenhouse combination

作　　者：李建波[1] 闫云飞[1] 高伟[1] 申开明 张承华 李钠钾 江厚龙 汪代斌 LI Jianbo;YAN Yunfei;GAO Wei;SHEN Kaiming;ZHANG Chenghua;LI Najia;JIANG Houlong;WANG Daibin(Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China;Chongqing Institute of Tobacco Science,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学低品位能源利用技术及系统教育部重点实验室,重庆400044 [2]重庆烟草科学研究所,重庆400715

出　　处：《生态学报》2022年第19期8002-8014,共13页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：中国烟草总公司重庆市公司科技项目(NY20190401070012)。

摘　　要：小型温室棚作为农业生产的重要设施,可为农作物创造一个温度适宜的、受保护的生长空间,保证作物正常生长、促进作物早熟。以确保重庆地区春冬季烟苗正常发育、维持温室内适宜的土壤温度为导向,对温室棚内温度进行了试验和数值模拟,探究了温室棚内温度分布规律,并在此基础上分析生物质发酵产热对温室棚内土壤温度场的影响。结果表明:试验中埋设稻壳的温室棚内土壤温度平均提高3.5℃且温室棚中平均温度低于10℃的天数明显减少。埋设稻壳的温室棚中烟苗茎高和叶片数增长值最大,平均茎高从移栽时的7.8 cm增长到了12 cm,叶片数从平均5片增长到了11片,均大于未埋设稻壳试验组,这表明土壤中埋设稻壳有助于烟草的生长发育。数值研究表明温室棚内不同深度的土壤层温度变化状况一致,均呈现先降低后升高再降低的趋势。地温随土壤深度的增加而降低,地表下10 cm、20 cm的土壤层区域温度高于10.6℃、8℃,有利于烟苗在低温环境下正常生长。且土壤温度存在一定的昼夜温差,更利于烟苗发育。埋设稻壳的温室土壤层温度变化趋势与未埋设稻壳的温室一致,但其土壤层平均温度、最低温度至最高温度以及昼夜温差分别升高了2.3℃、1.1—5.5℃、4.8℃。试验和数值研究结果表明稻壳发酵产生的热量可以提高和维持温室内土壤温度,对土壤具有保温和热量补给的作用。As an important facility for agricultural production,small greenhouses can create a protected growing space with suitable temperatures for crops to ensure normal growth and promote early crop maturity.In this study,the aim is to ensure the normal development of tobacco seedlings in spring and winter in Chongqing and to maintain a suitable soil temperature in the greenhouse.Experiments and numerical simulations of greenhouse shed temperatures were carried out to investigate the temperature distribution pattern inside the greenhouse.On this basis,the effect of heat production from biomass fermentation on the soil temperature field in the greenhouse was also analyzed.The results showed that the soil temperature in the greenhouses with buried rice hulls increased by an average of 3.5℃and the number of days when the average temperature in the greenhouses below 10℃was significantly reduced.The largest increases in stem height and leaf number of tobacco seedlings were observed in the greenhouses with rice hulls.The average stem height increased from 7.8 cm at transplanting to 12 cm and the average number of leaves increased from 5 to 11,both of which were greater than in the experimental group without rice hulls.This indicates that the burial of rice hulls in the soil was beneficial to the growth and development of tobacco seedlings.The numerical study showed that the temperature of the soil layers at different depths in the greenhouse shed varied consistently,all showing a trend of decreasing,then increasing,and finally decreasing.The ground temperature decreased with the increasing soil depth.The temperature of the soil layer 10 cm and 20 cm below the surface was higher than 10.6℃and 8℃,which was conducive to the growth of tobacco seedlings.And there existed a certain diurnal temperature difference in soil temperature,which was more beneficial to the development of tobacco seedlings in low temperature environment.The trend of soil temperature in the greenhouse with buried rice hulls was same as that in the gre

关 键 词：小型温室棚 烟苗 数值模拟 温度场 稻壳发酵产热 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]