日本古代贡举对唐制的模仿与分解  

The Imitation and Decomposition of the Chinese Tributary Examination of the Tang Dynasty in the Ancient Japan

作　　者：潘伟利 Pan Weili

机构地区：[1]绍兴文理学院人文学院

出　　处：《中国文化研究》2022年第3期73-82,共10页Chinese Culture Research

摘　　要：奈良、平安时代的日本从唐朝引进贡举制度,并进行本国化,其中秀才科最受欢迎。在考试内容上,日本秀才科仿唐秀才科试方略策,但减少了试题量;“文章生试”仿唐进士科试诗赋,实际执行中却只试诗而不试赋。在考试方法上,唐进士科帖经、试诗赋、试策三场考试每场定去留,而日本秀才科不考帖经,且诗赋及第者不参加试策亦可叙位、授官。此外,从文章生中选出两名文章得业生,数年之后参加试策,及第者依例进位三阶,既可升任文章博士,执掌文柄,还可成为天皇侍讲,接近权力中心。究其原因,平安士人汉文水平有限,无法像唐人一样在一个月内通过三场不同类型的综合考试,故在取消帖经后,又实行诗赋与对策相隔数年的“分段考试”方法,以降低考试难度。In the Nara and Heian eras, Japan introduced the tributary examination system from the Tang Dynasty and localized it, with the xiucai examination being the most popular. In the content of the examination, the Japanese xiucai section was modeled on the Tang’s section, but the number of questions was reduced;they imitated the jinshi test in the Tang, China just limited the examination to poetry but not fu. In the examination method, there were three examinations in the Tang, however, there was only one in Japan. In addition, a person who had not passed the essay exam could also be awarded officials titles. Besides, two excellent students would be selected, who would take part in the test policy several years later, and then move up. They could not only be promoted to the boshi of essay, take charge of the power of essay handling, but also become the emperor’s teacher close to the power center. The reason for this is that the Heian scholars had limited Chinese language skills and could not pass three different types of comprehensive examinations in one month like the Tang people. Therefore, after the cancellation of Post-classics examination, the method of “section examination” was implemented to reduce the difficulty of tributary examination.

关 键 词：日本贡举 文章生试 秀才 进士 授官 

分 类 号：K313[历史地理—历史学]