锂离子电池用纳米碳材料研究进展  

Progress in Carbon Nanomaterials for Lithium-ion Batteries

作　　者：张佰伦 王凯 李嘉辉 钟海长 张文魁 章文献 梁初 ZHANG Bailun;WANG Kai;LI Jiahui;ZHONG Haichang;ZHANG Wenkui;ZHANG Wenxian;LIANG Chu(College of Materials Science and Engineering&Zhejiang Carbon Neutral Innovation Institute,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310014,China;Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications,Xiamen 361024,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江工业大学材料科学与工程学院&浙江碳中和创新研究院,杭州310014 [2]福建省功能材料及应用重点实验室,福建厦门361024

出　　处：《材料导报》2022年第20期111-123,共13页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52072342,51677170);浙江省自然科学基金(LY19E010007);福建省功能材料及应用重点实验室开放基金(fma2020003)。

摘　　要：锂离子电池作为最有前景的储能器件之一,已经在便携式电子设备上广泛应用。然而使用传统电极材料,电池的能量密度和功率密度不够高、耐久性差、成本高,限制了其在电动汽车等方面的大规模应用。纳米碳材料的发展为设计适合锂离子电池的新型储能材料提供了机会。纳米碳材料作为一种新型碳材料具有许多独特的性能,包括独特的形貌结构、高比表面积、低扩散距离、高电导率和离子导电性能、可控的合成和掺杂等优点。因此,纳米碳材料在高可逆容量、高功率密度、长循环稳定性和高安全性锂离子电池中具有较大的应用前景。然而,纳米碳材料普遍存在首次库仑效率低、电压滞后等缺点,且纳米碳材料的电化学性能取决于碳材料的形貌和微观结构。解决这一问题最常用的方法主要有:(1)通过对纳米碳材料的形貌和微结构调控来改善其电化学性能;(2)通过异质原子掺杂改善纳米碳材料的电化学性能;(3)将纳米碳与其他储锂材料复合形成复合电极材料。本文主要综述了富勒烯、石墨烯、碳纳米管和多孔碳等四种具有代表性的纳米碳材料在锂离子电池中的最新研究进展,系统归纳了纳米结构和形貌对电化学性能的影响,讨论了纳米碳的合成、电化学储锂性能和电极反应机理。本文还对纳米碳材料未来在锂离子电池应用中需要解决的关键问题进行了总结与展望。As one of the most promising energy storage devices,lithium-ion batteries have been widely used in portable electronic devices.However,the inadequate energy density and power density,poor durability and high cost,which are resulted from using traditional electrode materials,limit the large-scale applications of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles.The development of carbon nanomaterials provides an opportunity for the new energy storage materials applied in lithium-ion batteries.Nanocarbons have many unique characteristics,including unique morphology and microstructure,high specific surface area,low diffusion distance,high electronic and ionic conductivity,controllable synthesis and doping,etc.Therefore,nanocarbons have great application prospects in the field of lithium-ion batteries with high reversible capacity,high power density,good cycle stability and high safety.However,nanocarbons as electrode materials exhibit low initial Coulombic efficiency and large voltage hysteresis during charging/discharging.Moreover,the electrochemical performance of nanocarbons is dependent on their morphology and microstructure.The following strategies are proposed to solve these problems:(Ⅰ)improving the electrochemical performance by adjusting the morphology and microstructure of nanocarbons;(Ⅱ)improving electrochemical performance by doping heteroatoms into nanocarbons;(Ⅲ)combining nanocarbons with other materials to form carbon-based composites for high-performance lithium storage.The recent progress of nanocarbon materials in lithium-ion batteries,typically represented by fullerene,graphene,carbon nanotubes and po-rous carbon is reviewed in this paper.The influence of nano-size and morphology on the electrochemical performance of nanocarbons is also summarized.The synthesis of nano-carbon,lithium-ion battery performance and electrode reaction mechanism are emphasized.The purpose of this paper is to summarize the recent progress of carbon nanomaterials in the lithium-ion batteries and their key fundamental probl

关 键 词：纳米碳 锂离子电池 富勒烯 石墨烯 碳纳米管 多孔碳 

分 类 号：TM911[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]