在县道与郡国:论秦及西汉宗庙制度的演进  

On the Evolution of Ancestral Temple System of Qin and Western Han

作　　者：田天 Tian Tian

机构地区：[1]北京大学考古文博学院,北京100871

出　　处：《史学月刊》2022年第10期27-44,共18页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：“古文字与中华文明传承发展工程”项目资助“出土文献与秦汉社会研究”(G2608)。

摘　　要：自岳麓秦简第四册出版以来,秦王朝设于县、道的太上皇庙为学界所知。县道庙是秦始皇创立的帝国宗庙制度的一部分,这一制度改变了先秦以来依托于宗法制的宗庙的定义。西汉郡国庙的设置上承县道庙,但从景帝时起,对皇帝道德和功绩的追认成为其主要功能。西汉晚期的礼制改革再次定义了帝国的宗庙,使宗庙制度更近于礼书的规定,也将血缘关系与继承关系的冲突带回宗庙制度的运行中。县道庙和郡国庙的兴与废,应看做理解秦汉宗庙发展的核心线索。Since the publication of the 4 th volume of Qin Bamboo Slips Collected by the Yuelu Academy,the ancestral temples of emperors of Qin in counties and Dao have been known to scholars.The local ancestral temples were part of the imperial ancestral temple system created by the First Emperor,a system that changed the definition of ancestral temples relying on the patriarchal system since the pre-Qin period.The establishment of county and state ancestral temples in the Western Han Dynasty was inherited from the Qin dynasty,but from the reign of Emperor Jing,the memorialization of the emperor’s morality and merits became its main function.The ritual reforms of the late Western Han period redefined the imperial ancestral temples,bringing the system closer to the provisions in the ritual books and bringing back the conflict between blood and inheritance ties into the function of the system.The rise and fall of the local ancestral temples should be seen as the core clue to understand the development of ancestral temple system in the Qin and Han dynasties.

关 键 词：宗庙 秦汉 郡国庙 简牍 礼仪 

分 类 号：K232[历史地理—历史学]