自媒体环境下突发公共卫生事件网络谣言的批评话语分析  

Analysis on Critical Discourse of Online Rumors in Public Health Emergencies in We Media Environment

作　　者：孙秋月[1] 张露 Sun Qiuyue;Zhang Lu(College of Foreign Languages Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology,Qinhuangdao Hebei 066004)

机构地区：[1]河北科技师范学院外国语学院,河北秦皇岛066004

出　　处：《情报探索》2022年第10期38-44,共7页Information Research

基　　金：河北省社会科学发展研究项目“自媒体环境下公共卫生事件网络谣言的批评话语分析”(项目编号:20210201249)研究成果。

摘　　要：[目的/意义]旨在为治理网络谣言提供实践思路。[方法/过程]以新冠肺炎疫情网络谣言为例,在批评话语分析的理论框架下从描写、理解和阐释三个层面研究网络谣言的语言学形式特征、话语实践和社会实践特征。[结果/结论]突发公共卫生事件网络谣言的形式特征表现在词汇、句法、语篇多个层面。在话语实践方面,公共卫生事件网络谣言的产生与互文性相关,受众的理解和传播与谣言所实施的断言行为、指令行为、承诺行为和表达行为相关。在社会实践方面,公共卫生事件网络谣言的产生动机主要是利益驱动和情绪驱动,多元媒体下的话语权为谣言的产生提供条件,社会认知图式促成谣言的理解和传播。突发公共卫生事件网络谣言的批评话语分析为网络谣言文本的识别、网络谣言行为的治理和人们网络媒介素养的提升提供启示。[Purpose/significance] The paper intends to provide practical ideas for management of online rumors.[Method/process] Taking online rumors of COVID-19 pandemic for example,the paper carries out a research on the linguistics formal characteristics,discourse practice characteristics and social practice characteristics of online rumors in the perspectives of description,comprehension and explanation with the theoretical framework of critical discourse analysis.[Result/conclusion] Formal characteristics of online rumors in public health emergencies manifest on the lexical,syntactic and discourse levels.With respect to discourse practice,the production of online rumors in public health emergencies is relevant with intertextuality,while their reception and transmission are relevant with the assertive acts,the directive acts,the commissive acts and expressive acts performed by the rumors.In regard to social practice,the motivation of online rumors in public health emergencies is profits-driven and emotions-driven.The discourse power in multi-media environment provides the condition for the rumors origin and the social cognitive schema facilitates their reception and transmission.Analysis on the critical discourse of the online rumors bring inspiration to the rumors identification,the rumors acts governance and people’s media literacy promotion.

关 键 词：网络谣言 批评话语分析 语言学特征 话语实践 社会实践 

分 类 号：H0-05[语言文字—语言学]