不同移民扶持政策的扶志效应差异——基于三峡库区水电工程移民的实证  

Aspiration inspired by different types of supportive policies based on an empirical analysis of resettlers in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

作　　者：滕祥河 文传浩 TENG Xianghe;WEN Chuanhao(School of Economics,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学经济学院,昆明650091

出　　处：《资源科学》2022年第7期1463-1475,共13页Resources Science

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目(W8203020001);国家社会科学基金青年项目(21CJY064);国家社会科学基金重大项目(20&ZD095)。

摘　　要：有效激发移民的志向水平是形成自我发展内生动力的关键。本文使用2019年采集的三峡库区水电工程移民调研数据,借助OLS、Shapley和Oaxaca-Blinder分解法考察了扶持政策的扶志效应,并探讨了在不同安置情境中可能存在的异质性。研究发现:(1)资金补助型扶持政策与环境改善型扶持政策均能显著提升移民的志向水平,但后者的贡献率大于前者。(2)资金补助型扶持政策与环境改善型扶持政策的扶志效应因安置模式与安置时长不同而存在差异,资金补助型扶持政策对提升就近安置移民志向水平的作用更大,而环境改善型扶持政策对提升外迁安置移民志向水平的作用更大;且随着搬迁安置时间的推移,资金补助型扶持政策的扶志效应减弱,而环境改善型扶持政策的扶志效应增强。(3)不考虑扶持政策时,移民与非移民志向水平差异主要源于身份歧视因素;扶持政策介入下移民发展志向水平仍低于非移民,但移民与非移民间的志向水平差异主要源于两群体禀赋上的合理差异。研究结果的政策启示包括:将扶持政策作为提升移民志向水平的重要抓手,依据移民特征搭配使用不同类型扶持政策并适时进行动态调整,在政策扶持过程中注重缩小移民与非移民的志向发展差距。Effectively stimulating the level of resettler’aspiration is the foundation of internal motivation for self-development. Based on the data from the resettlement survey in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area in 2019, this study examined the level of aspiration inspired by supportive policies and explored the heterogeneity of aspiration under different resettlement scenarios with ordinary least squares(OLS), Shapley, and Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition methods. The results show that both cash compensation policy and environmental improvement policy can significantly improve the level of resettlers’ aspirations, but the contribution rate of environmental improvement policy is greater than cash compensation policy. The supporting effect of cash compensation policy and environmental improvement policy is different due to the different resettlement mode and resettlement duration. Cash compensation policy plays a greater role in improving the aspiration level of nearby resettled population, while environmental improvement policy plays a greater role in improving the aspiration level of interprovincial resettlers. With the passing of time of resettlement, the supporting effect of cash compensation policy weakens, while the supporting effect of environmental improvement policy increases. When supporting policy is not taken into account, the difference of aspiration level between resettlers and non-resettlers is mainly due to the discrimination against resettler identity. The development aspiration level of resettlers is still lower than non-resettlers under the intervention of supportive policies, but the difference in aspiration level is mainly due to the reasonable difference in resource endowments of the two groups. The policy implications of our research results include taking supportive policy as an important tool to improve the level of resettlers’ development aspirations, using different types of supportive policies according to resettlers’ characteristics and adjusting them dynamically when necessary,and narrowin

关 键 词：移民 扶持政策 扶志效应 资金补助型政策 环境改善型政策 Shapley分解 OAXACA-BLINDER分解 三峡库区 

分 类 号：D632.4[政治法律—政治学]