滴灌与施肥对河西灌区紫花苜蓿光合生理特性和干物质量的影响  

Effects of drip irrigation and fertilization on photosynthetic physiological characteristics and the amount of dry matter of alfalfa in Hexi Irrigation Area

作　　者：马琦 SHAHZAD Ali 贾倩民 常生华[1] 张程[1] 侯扶江[1] MA Qi;SHAHZAD Ali;JIA Qian-min;CHANG Sheng-hua;ZHANG Cheng;HOU Fu-jiang(State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvemend and Grassland Agro-ecosystems,Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry,Ministry of Education,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草种创新与草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,兰州大学农业农村部草牧业创新重点实验室,兰州大学草地农业教育部工程研究中心,兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《草原与草坪》2022年第4期72-82,共11页Grassland and Turf

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31901389);兰州大学“双一流”引导专项-队伍建设经费-科研启动费(561119204);2018年度甘肃省科技重大专项计划项目(18ZD2FA009)。

摘　　要：为探明不同滴灌量下施肥模式对紫花苜蓿光合特性和干物质量的影响,本研究设置3种滴灌量(I3:160 mm;I2:80 mm;I1:0 mm)和6种施肥模式(F1:磷120 kg/hm^(2)+氮75 kg/hm^(2);F2:磷60 kg/hm^(2)+氮75 kg/hm^(2);F3:不施磷+氮75 kg/hm^(2);F4:磷120 kg/hm^(2)+不施氮;F5:磷60 kg/hm^(2)+不施氮;F6:不施氮磷),于2020年在河西灌区开展田间试验。结果表明:1)I3处理下各茬次紫花苜蓿的株高显著高于I1,较I1分别提高了23.02%、28.69%和19.63%,F1的各茬次紫花苜蓿单株总干物质量显著高于F6,分别是F6的4.27、3.44和4.96倍。2)I3处理下紫花苜蓿的叶绿素a、b含量、类胡萝卜素含量和叶绿素总含量高于I2和I1,施肥处理下,F2的平均叶绿素含量最高。3)I3F1的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和胞间CO_(2)浓度显著高于I1F6,所有处理中,I3F1的紫花苜蓿单株根、茎、叶及总干物质量均获得最大值。综上,I3F1是提升紫花苜蓿光合性能和干物质量的适宜栽培模式。In order to explore the effects of fertilization patterns on photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter mass of alfalfa(Medicago sativa)under different drip irrigation rates,the field study was carried out in Hexi Irriga⁃tion Area in 2020.In the field study tree drip irrigation levels(I3:160 mm;I2:80 mm;I1:0 mm)and six kinds of fertilization mode(F1:phosphorus application 120 kg/hm^(2) and nitrogen application 75 kg/hm^(2);F2:phosphorus ap⁃plication 60 kg/hm^(2) and nitrogen application 75 kg/hm^(2);F3:no phosphorus and 75 kg/hm^(2) nitrogen;F4:120 kg/hm^(2) phosphorus and no nitrogen;F5:60 kg/hm^(2) phosphorus and no nitrogen;F6:no Apply nitrogen and phospho⁃rus)were set.The study showed that:1)The plant height of alfalfa under I3 was significantly higher than that of I1,which was increased by 23.02%,28.69%and 19.63%,respectively.The total dry matter weight per plant of al⁃falfa under F1 was significantly higher than that of F6,which was 4.27,3.44 and 4.96 times of F6,respectively.2)The chlorophyll a,b content,carotenoid content and total chlorophyll content of alfalfa under I3 treatment were higher than those under I2 and I1.The average chlorophyll content of F2 was the highest under fertilization treat⁃ment.3)The net photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),transpiration rate(T_(r)),stomatal conductance(G_(s))and intercellular CO_(2) concentration(C_(i))of I3F1 are significantly higher than that of I1F6.In all treatments,the individual roots,stems,leaves and the amount of dry matter of alfalfa achieved the maximum value in I3F1.To summarize,I3F1 is a suitable cultivation model to improve the photosynthetic performance and dry matter quality of alfalfa.

关 键 词：紫花苜蓿 滴灌 施肥模式 光合生理特性 干物质量 

分 类 号：S541.1[农业科学—作物学]