多尺度人力资本空间测度:格局分析与尺度关联  

Multi-scale analysis of human capital in China:Spatial pattern and scale relations

作　　者：杨振山[1] 杨航 YANG Zhenshan;YANG Hang(Key Lab of Regional Sustainable Development of Modelling,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049

出　　处：《地理研究》2022年第10期2663-2679,共17页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42271249、42142022);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA19040402);中国科学院青年创新促进研究会优秀会员人才计划(Y201815)。

摘　　要：人力资本是体现在劳动者身上知识、技能、健康水平的总和,在“以人为本”、创新驱动发展新阶段中对城市和区域具有重要意义。长期以来,人力资本的测度面临着数据收集困难、指标内涵单一、研究空间尺度较粗等问题。本文利用人口普查数据,基于全局主成分分析方法,构建了一套适用于多空间尺度的人力资本水平综合评价体系,分析了2000年和2010年全国省、市、县(区)级行政单位人力资本水平的时空分异与变化。研究表明,全国人力资本水平呈“东北高,西南低,高人力资本水平地区呈点状或块状分布”的特征,且具有较强的空间集聚性;人力资本水平具有尺度效应,县(区)级尺度的人力资本水平差异程度和空间集聚程度最高;研究期内全国人力资本水平和人力资本总量均上升,但约有11%的县(区)级单位人力资本水平呈现负增长态势。研究结果为在空间尺度上测算人力资本水平提供了新方法,为从空间视角开展人力资本研究、优化人力资本配置提供支撑。Human capital is the synthesis of knowledge, skills and health level embodied in workers, which is of great significance to understand the spatial and temporal pattern of regional economic development in China during the period of innovation-driven and peopleoriented construction. However, for a long time, the spatial measurement of human capital is facing many challenges. For example, the availability of data is quite low, the evaluation index cannot cover the connotation of human capital, and the research scale is mostly at the provincial level. This study attempts to construct a multi-index comprehensive evaluation system of human capital level based on the dataset of the fifth and sixth China population censuses to evaluate regional overall human capital level in China between 2000 and 2010.Using the method of Global Principal Component Analysis and Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis, this study analyzes the spatiotemporal distribution and change of regional overall human capital level in China at the provincial, municipal and county scales, respectively. The results show that the level of human capital in China is characterized by“high in the Northeast and low in the Southwest, and the high level of human capital areas are distributed in dots or blocks”, showing the obvious space agglomeration. Besides, the level of human capital has scale effect, and the level of human capital in county scale has the highest degree of difference and spatial agglomeration. During the study period, the level and the stock of human capital increased as a whole in China, but about 11 percent of counties’ human capital level showed a decreasing trend. The research results provide a new method for measuring the level of human capital on the different spatial scales, and provide support for human capital research and optimizing allocation of human capital from the spatial perspective.

关 键 词：人力资本 城市与区域发展 空间格局 全局主成分分析 尺度关联 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济]