避雨棚栽培对‘早黑宝’葡萄生长的影响  

Effect of Rain Shelter Cultivation on the Growth of‘Zaoheibao’Grape

作　　者：廉国武 LIAN Guo-wu(Shanxi Horticultural Industry Development Center,Taiyuan 030008,China)

机构地区：[1]山西省园艺产业发展中心,山西太原030008

出　　处：《中国果菜》2022年第10期61-65,75,共6页China Fruit & Vegetable

基　　金：山西省科技成果转化引导专项(20210421301044)。

摘　　要：避雨栽培能够改善葡萄生长环境,减少病虫害,提高果实品质。以自育品种‘早黑宝’品种为试材,比较避雨棚栽培对葡萄生长、果实品质及病虫害防治的影响。结果表明:与露地栽培相比,避雨棚栽培降低了棚下温度,提高了湿度;避雨棚栽培膜下净光合速率、气孔导度低于露地栽培,但膜下叶片的胞间CO_(2)浓度和蒸腾速率优于露地栽培;提高了平均单果质量、可溶性固形物含量、维生素C含量,降低了可滴定酸含量,有效降低了叶片霜霉病和果穗煤污病的发病率;山西地区在6月中旬进行避雨栽培,可减少浇水次数和农药喷施次数,有效提高了果实品质,增加果农经济效益。Rain shelter cultivation can improve grape growth environment,reduce diseases and insect pests and improve fruit quality.The effects of rain shelter cultivation on grape growth,fruit quality and pest control were compared using Shanxi self-bred variety‘Zaoheibao’as experimental material.The results showed that compared with open field cultivation,rain shelter cultivation reduced the temperature under the shed and increased the humidity.The net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance under film were lower than those in open field,but the intercellular CO_(2) concentration and transpiration rate of leaves under film were better than those in open field.The rain shelter cultivation increased the average fruit weight,soluble solid content,vitamin C content,and decreased the titratable acid content.The rain shelter cultivation effectively reduced the incidence rate of leaf downy mildew and ear coal pollution.The rain shelter cultivation in Shanxi area in the middle of June can reduce the times of watering and pesticide spraying,effectively improve the fruit quality and increase the economic benefits of fruit farmers.

关 键 词：葡萄 避雨棚栽培 光合速率 果实品质 栽培技术 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]