菌糠基质与生防菌处理对西瓜2种苗期病害的防控效果评估  

Control Evaluation of Mushroom Residue Substrate and Bacillus velezensis on Two Kinds of Watermelon Seedling Disease

作　　者：徐秀兰 芦钰 邱艳红 张海军 孙凤堂 孙晓红[3] XU Xiulan;LU Yu;QIU Yanhong;ZHANG Haijun;SUN Fengtang;SUN Xiaohong(Institute of Vegetable Research,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China;Shandong Lushou Seed Company Limited,Shouguang,Shandong 262700,China;Institute of Biotechnology Research,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Bejing 100097,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究所,北京100097 [2]山东鲁寿种业有限公司,山东寿光262700 [3]北京市农林科学院生物技术研究所,北京100097

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2022年第10期44-48,共5页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：北京市食用菌创新团队建设(BAIC05-2021);北京市农林科学院公益检测专项(030210128);北京市农林科学院创新能力专项(KJCX20200212)。

摘　　要：为测试不同基质与生防菌Bacillus velezensis(简写Bv)对西瓜2种苗期病害的防控效果,以香菇菌糠、草炭、蛭石为主要原料配制菌糠育苗基质(MRS),室内试验比较了不同育苗基质的理化指标。温室试验测定了不同基质配合生防菌,喷施灌根处理对西瓜苗期种传果斑病(BFB)及土传枯萎病的防控效果。结果表明:与常规基质相比,菌糠基质的总孔隙度、通气孔隙度和持水孔隙度均有显著提高;菌糠基质、Bv喷施处理均显著降低西瓜幼苗细菌性果斑病发病率,抑制率分别为68.0%、85.5%,菌糠基质+Bv处理对果斑病的抑制率为89.0%;菌糠基质、菌糠基质+Bv处理对苗期枯萎病均有良好防控效果;此外菌糠基质显著提高了幼苗鲜质量/株高比值。菌糠基质+Bv处理可以有效防控苗期果斑病和枯萎病的发生,为发展环保节约育苗技术提供参考。To evaluate the effects of different seedling growth media and biocontrol bacterium Bacillus velezensis(Bv)on two kinds of watermelon seedling diseases.In this study mushroom residue substrate(MRS)containing mushroom residue,grass charcoal and vermiculite was used as seedling growth medium and tested for physicochemical indexes.In order to study the effect of MRS and on the prevention and control of seed-born bacterial fruit blotch(BFB)and soil-born fusarium wilt,watermelon seedlings grew on different substrates combined with Bv treatment were evaluated under greenhouse condition.The results of physicochemical tests showed that substrate containing mushroom residue significantly increased the total porosity,aeration porosity and water-holding porosity.The incidence of BFB was significantly reduced by 68.0%and 85.5%for MRS and Bv treatment,respectively.With two treatments applied in combination,up to 89.0%BFB inhibition was obtained.Both MRS and MRS+Bv treatments showed good prevention of fusarium wilt.In addition,MRS showed an increased ratio of plant weight/height.MRS+Bv treatment effectively reducedthe occurrence of BFB and fusarium wilt in watermelon seedlings,providing an important reference for the development of environmental-friendly and economical seedling production technology.

关 键 词：育苗基质 菌糠 生防菌 西瓜果斑病 西瓜枯萎病 

分 类 号：S641.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]