横波源三维地震资料矢量横波四分量旋转和快慢波分离技术  

Four-component rotation and fast-slow wave separation techniques for 3D vector S-wave seismic data of S-wave sources

作　　者：公亭 王兆磊 罗文山 王永生[2] 岳媛媛 顾小弟 GONG Ting;WANG Zhaolei;LUO Wenshan;WANG Yongsheng;YUE Yuanyuan;GU Xiaodi(Geophysical Research Institute,BGP Inc.,CNPC,Zhuozhou,Hebei 072750,China;Exploration Department of Qinghai Oilfield Company,PetroChina,Dunbuang,Gansun 736202,China;BGP Research and Development Center,CNPC,Zhuozhou,Hebei 072750,China)

机构地区：[1]东方地球物理公司研究院,河北涿州072750 [2]青海油田勘探事业部,甘肃敦煌736202 [3]东方地球物理公司物探技术研发中心,河北涿州072750

出　　处：《石油地球物理勘探》2022年第5期1028-1034,I0001-I0002,共9页Oil Geophysical Prospecting

摘　　要：横波勘探在解决气云区构造成像、岩性油气藏储层精细描述等问题上具有明显优势。为解决柴达木盆地三湖地区纵波资料品质差的难题,首次开展了可控震源纵、横波联合激发的三维多波勘探探索试验,获得了九个分量三维地震资料。文中对横波源激发、检波器水平分量接收到的四个分量地震数据开展研究。横波不同于纵波,有着明显的矢量特性,而以往横波处理技术的研究,局限于二维横波处理或者建立在三维转换波地震资料处理基础上,对横波三维空间上复杂波场的矢量关系考虑不足,无法应用于三维横波地震资料。通过不断地研究与探索,初步形成了以四分量旋转和快、慢波分离技术为核心的矢量横波四分量配套处理技术,包括:横波四分量的矢量旋转、静校正、叠前道集处理、裂缝方位角求取、快慢波分离、速度分析及叠前偏移成像技术。应用该配套技术有效解决了横波勘探的矢量处理难题,获得了与纵波信噪比相当的高品质横波成像结果,在气云区构造成像、微小断裂识别等方面具有明显优势,对三湖地区岩性储层预测至关重要。Shear wave(S-wave)exploration has great advantages in solving problems such as structural imaging in gas cloud areas and fine description of lithological oil-gas reservoirs.To address the problem of poor-quality of P-wave data in the Sanhu area of Qaidam Basin,BGP carries out a 3D multi-wave exploration experiment for the first time,which is jointly excited by P-wave and S-wave vibroseis and yields the 3D seismic data of nine components.In this study,we explore the four-component seismic data from the nine-component 3Dseismic data,which are excited by the Swave sources and received by the horizontal components of S-wave geophones.Different from Pwaves,S-waves enjoy obvious vector characteristics.Previous research on S-wave processing technology was based on 2DS-wave processing or 3D converted wave seismic data processing,and the vector relationship of the complex wave field in 3D of S-waves was insufficiently considered;thus,it could not be applied to 3D S-wave seismic data.Through continuous research and exploration,supporting four-component processing techniques of vector S-waves with four-component rotation and fast-slow wave separation at the core are primarily formed,including vector rotation of four Swave components,static correction,pre-stack gather processing,fracture azimuth determination,fast and slow wave separation,velocity analysis,and pre-stack migration imaging technology.These supporting techniques effectively solve the vector processing problem in S-wave exploration and obtain high-quality S-wave imaging results with a signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)comparable to that of Pwaves.They boast great advantages in structural imaging in gas cloud areas and micro-fracture identification,which are essential for the prediction of lithologic reservoirs in the Sanhu area.

关 键 词：横波震源 矢量处理 四分量 横波分裂 快慢波分离 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]