城市污水处理厂中有机磷组分富集方法优化及机理分析  

Organic Phosphate Enrichment Mechanism and Optimization in Urban Sewage Treatment Plant

作　　者：张钰婷 尚巍 邱顺添 郑兴灿 孙永利 顾淼 Zhang Yuting;Shang Wei;Khu Soon-Thiam;Zheng Xingcan;Sun Yongli;Gu Miao(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;North China Municipal Engineering Design&Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin 300381,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300072 [2]中国市政工程华北设计研究总院有限公司,天津300381

出　　处：《天津大学学报（自然科学与工程技术版）》2022年第11期1174-1181,共8页Journal of Tianjin University：Science and Technology

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项资助项目(2017ZX07106);中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2022M713469);中国市政工程华北设计研究总院有限公司课题(HJ-2021-53-HJY).

摘　　要：针对城市污水处理厂中有机磷分析检测手段不成熟、组成结构认识欠缺、研究结果缺乏可比性的问题,开展了城市污水中有机磷组分富集效能及规律研究,对比分析了冷冻干燥法富集和铝盐絮凝法富集对不同磷组分后续提取效能的差异.结果表明,冷冻干燥法富集的样品中,除对膦酸酯提取效率较高(75.5%),其余有机磷组分(磷酸单酯和DNA)提取效率均较低.冷冻干燥法虽然能够减少富集时磷组分的损失,然而富集样品中存在的大量盐分及有机质导致磷组分提取效率不高.此外,冷冻干燥富集过程中对多聚磷酸盐结构的破坏、提取过程的水解作用及提取物中Ca离子的富集,均会加速多聚磷酸盐的分解作用,致使多聚磷酸盐较难检出.同时,针对复杂环境效应下的城市污水体系有机磷含量低,需要富集大量的水体使冷冻干燥法的应用受到限制.铝盐絮凝法能够有效富集无机磷和有机磷组分,对焦磷酸盐、多聚磷酸盐、膦酸酯、磷酸单酯和DNA的沉淀效率分别为95.7%、95.3%、77.6%、79.7%和80.7%,并采用NaOH-EDTA进行磷组分提取,对焦磷酸盐(73.4%)、多聚磷酸盐(73.7%)、磷酸单酯(80.6%)和DNA(75.1%)的提取效率均较高.因此,采用铝盐絮凝法对不同磷组分进行富集较为适宜.建议富集水样体积不小于10 L,Al和P摩尔比不小于30,最佳反应pH值为6.3,沉淀时间18 h,采用20 mL 0.20mol/L NaOH+0.05 mol/L EDTA提取两次为宜.The lack of organophosphorus detection methods in urban sewage treatment plants is due to the characteristic complex water composition and low organophosphorus content.The enrichment methods and mechanisms of dif-ferent phosphorus components in urban sewage were performed in this study.Meanwhile,the effects of lyophilizing and aluminum flocculation methods on the subsequent extraction of different phosphorus components were compared and analyzed.Results indicated that the phosphonate extraction efficiency was higher(75.5%)in lyophilized samples,but the extraction efficiency of other organic phosphorus(monophosphates and DNA)was low.Although the lyophiliz-ing method could reduce the loss of phosphorus components during enrichment,a large amount of salt and organic matter in the samples resulted in poor extraction efficacy.Meanwhile,the destruction structure of polyphosphate,hydrolysis,and enrichment of Ca ions could accelerate the decomposition of polyphosphate during lyophilizing,which led to the difficultly detection of polyphosphate.Furthermore,the application of the lyophilizing method was limited to large volumes of water samples under complex environmental effects and low organophosphorus content in urban sewage system.The aluminum precipitation method could effectively enrich inorganic and organic phosphorus.The precipitation efficiencies of pyrophosphate,polyphosphate,phosphonate,monophosphate,and DNA were 95.7%,95.3%,77.6%,79.7%,and 80.7%,respectively.After NaOH-EDAT extraction,higher extraction effi-ciency of pyrophosphate(73.4%),polyphosphates(73.7%),monophosphates(80.6%),and DNA(75.1%)was obtained.Therefore,the aluminum precipitation method should be utilized to enrich phosphorus components for ur-ban sewage.The suggested water volume and optimal molar ratio of Al and P should not less than 10L and 30,respectively.The reaction pH and settling time were set at 6.3 and 18 h,respectively.It was recommended to use 20 mL of 0.20 mol/L NaOH+0.05 mol/L EDTA as extraction agent with twice extraction.

关 键 词：城市污水 磷组分 富集 提取 31P核磁共振 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]