盐胁迫膜下滴灌棉花生长及产量对氮磷钾追施配比的响应分析  

Response of salt-stressed cotton growth and yield under film mulched drip irrigation to topdressing ratio of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium

作　　者：宁松瑞 颜安 柳维扬[3] NING Songrui;YAN An;LIU Weiyang(State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710048,China;College of Resources and Environment Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;College of Agriculture,Tarim University,Alal 843300,China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学省部共建西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,陕西西安710048 [2]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [3]塔里木大学农学院,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《水资源与水工程学报》2022年第5期208-215,共8页Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42007008、32160527);兵团重大科技项目(2021AA003-2);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划(2022B02003);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2020A01003-3);兵团强南科技创新人才骨干项目(2022CB001-07)。

摘　　要：为探讨氮、磷、钾追施配比对盐胁迫膜下滴灌棉花生长、地上生物量累积与分配特征及产量的影响并优化追肥配比,在南疆棉田设7个追施配比(N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O)处理:CK(0∶0∶0)、A(1∶1∶1)、B(1∶0.25∶1.25)、C(1∶0.4∶0.27)、D(1∶0.23∶0.20)、E(1∶0.34∶0.23)和F(1∶0.17∶0),测定棉花地上部干物质积累及分配、产量和收获指数。结果表明:与CK的棉花生长期群体生长率均值相比,C、E、A、B、D、F处理分别增加了19.56%、18.17%、15.65%、13.50%、10.55%和8.68%;与CK的棉花生长期平均相对生长率均值相比,B、C、A、E、D处理分别增加了6.46%、4.51%、3.36%、2.53%、2.47%,而F处理下降了0.67%;与CK的棉花不同生育期地上部生物量增长率均值相比,B、C、A、D、E处理分别增加了29.69%、19.20%、17.94%、12.38%、11.67%,而F处理下降了2.28%。不同处理对棉花茎重的影响最大,对铃重的影响最小;对棉花生殖分配的影响最大,对蕾重比的影响最小。通径分析表明单铃重和总铃数对棉花产量具有重要作用;主成分分析表明A处理得分最高,E处理次之,CK处理最低。研究成果可为盐胁迫棉田合理追肥提供参考依据。The effect of topdressing ratio of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on the growth rate,yield,biomass cumulative and distribution trait of salt-stressed cotton under film mulched drip irrigation was discussed and the topdressing ratio was optimized by the field experiment in south Xinjiang Autonomous Region.Seven treatments with different topdressing ratios of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium(N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O)were set in the field experiment,namely,CK(0∶0∶0),A(1∶1∶1),B(1∶0.25∶1.25),C(1∶0.4∶0.27),D(1∶0.23∶0.20),E(1∶0.34∶0.23)and F(1∶0.17∶0).The accumulation and distribution of dry matter,yield and harvest index of cotton were measured accordingly.The results showed that compared with the average colony growth rate of CK,treatments of C,E,A,B,D and F increased by 19.56%,18.17%,15.65%,13.50%,10.55%and 8.68%,respectively.Compared with the mean relative growth rate of CK,treatments of B,C,A,E and D increased by 6.46%,4.51%,3.36%,2.53%and 2.47%,respectively;whereas treatment F decreased by 0.67%.Compared with the average growth rate of cotton aboveground biomass of CK,treatments of B,C,A,D and E increased by 29.69%,19.20%,17.94%,12.38%and 11.67%,respectively;while treatment F decreased by 2.28%.Different topdressing ratios had the greatest effect on cotton stem weight and reproductive organ weight,but had the least effect on boll weight and bud weight ratio.In addition,path analysis showed that the single boll weight and total boll number played an important role in increasing cotton yield.Principal component analysis showed that the nutrient distribution ratio of treatment A ranked the highest,followed by treatment E,and treatment CK was the lowest.The research can provide a technical support for the reasonable topdressing of cotton under salt stress.

关 键 词：水肥一体化 养分配比 膜下滴灌 产量 通径分析 主成分分析 棉花 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程] TV93[农业科学—农业工程]