适应水土资源条件的华北地区农业种植布局研究  

Exploring Water-and-Land-Adapted Spatial Layout of Crop Planting in North China

作　　者：黄峰 杨晓琳 方瑜 王素芬[2] 康绍忠[2] Huang Feng;Yang Xiaolin;Fang Yu;Wang Sufen;Kang Shaozhong(College of Land Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院,北京100193 [2]中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国工程科学》2022年第5期89-96,共8页Strategic Study of CAE

基　　金：中国工程院咨询项目“水平衡与国土空间协调发展战略研究(一期)”(2020-ZD-20)。

摘　　要：华北地区在我国经济社会发展全局中具有特定的区位优势,而水资源是影响该地区可持续发展的最突出因素。本文围绕华北地区“适应水土种植”国土空间布局这一核心问题,基于华北地区现状年(2018年)农业种植结构与水土资源布局分析结果,考虑不同人口‒气候‒社会经济情景以及水资源的约束条件,提出了适应水土资源条件的华北地区农业种植布局优化方案。建议适当减轻华北地区商品粮、其他商品化农产品的生产与供应负担;在提升区域水资源承载力方面,河北省通过调水等形式缓解水资源短缺现状,山西省以农业机械化和现代化来提高农业用水效率,山东省与河南省可适度休耕并提高林草覆盖率。此外,优化农业种植空间布局并适水调整种植结构,在深层地下水超采严重的河北平原东南部和天津市、浅层地下水超采区,发展“适应降水”的半旱地种植制度和结构,根据地下水回补上升的速率决定“休养生息”的具体时段。North China has specific regional advantages in the overall economic and social development of China,and water resources are the most prominent factor that affects the sustainable development of this region.This study focuses on the land spatial layout of water-and-land-adapted planting in North China.Based on the analysis of agricultural planting structure and water and land resource layout in the current year(2018)of North China,and considering varied population,climate,and socio-economic scenarios and water resource constraints,the study proposes a scheme for optimizing the agricultural planting layout in North China that adapts to local water and land resource conditions.We suggest that the burden on production and supply of commercial grain and other commercial agricultural products in North China should be appropriately reduced.In terms of improving the regional water resource carrying capacity,Hebei Province should alleviate its water shortage through water transfer.Shanxi Province should improve the agricultural water use efficiency through agricultural mechanization and modernization.Shandong Province and Henan Province can moderately fallow the land and improve forest and grass coverage.It is also recommended to optimize the spatial layout of agricultural planting and adjust the planting structure to adapt to water.In shallow groundwater overexploitation areas as well as Tianjin City and the southeast of Hebei Plain where deep groundwater overexploitation is severe,semi-arid land planting systems and structures that adapt to precipitation should be developed,and the specific recuperation period should be determined according to the rate of groundwater recharge.

关 键 词：华北地区 水均衡 国土空间规划 以水定地 水土资源匹配 适水种植 

分 类 号：S-01[农业科学]