儿科磁共振成像机遇和挑战——中国十年来发展成果及展望  

Opportunities and challenges of pediatric magnetic resonance imaging:Achievements and prospects over the past decade in China

作　　者：李欣 邵剑波[2] 宁刚[3] 彭雪华 郭豫 LI Xin;SHAO Jianbo;NING Gang;PENG Xuehua;GUO Yu(Department of Radiology,Tianjin Second People's Hospital,Tianjin 300192,China;Department of Imaging Center,Wuhan Children's Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science&Technology,Wuhan 430014,China;Department of Radiology,West China Second University Hospital,Sichuan University,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children,Ministry of Education,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市第二人民医院放射科,天津300192 [2]华中科技大学同济医学院附属武汉儿童医院影像中心,武汉430014 [3]四川大学华西第二医院放射科,出生缺陷与相关妇儿疾病教育部重点实验室,成都610041

出　　处：《磁共振成像》2022年第10期5-17,共13页Chinese Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging

基　　金：国家重点研发计划数字诊疗装备研发重点专项(编号:2017YFC09000)。

摘　　要：《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》提到建设健康中国要立足全人群和全生命周期两个着力点,加强重点人群健康服务,提高妇幼健康水平。MRI作为一种无创、无电离辐射、软组织对比度好的影像学检查方法,在儿科疾病诊断中发挥着不可替代的作用,在产前辅助诊断中的优势也逐渐明显。随着设备的完善、技术的发展和影像工作者的创新研究,近十年来,中国儿科MRI进入高速发展阶段。MRI在胎儿、儿童中枢神经系统、儿童胸部、儿童腹部、儿童骨肌系统和人工智能(artificial intelligence,AI)等方面都取得了优异的成绩,为产前诊断及儿科疾病的诊治和预后评估提供参考信息,发挥着重要价值。未来儿童MRI的发展方向:(1)进一步优化儿童MRI检查序列,减少扫描时间,提升儿童MRI检查的依从性;研发儿科专用磁共振仪、儿科专用接收线圈以及静音设计,实现婴幼儿安全、高对比的静音扫描。(2)尽快建立中国正常儿童MRI数据库和相关标准值或区间;(3)积极开展多中心合作研究,共同编制《中国儿童疾病谱MRI专家共识系列》;(4)针对出生缺陷、胎儿及胎盘、儿童脑科学、儿童肿瘤、遗传代谢等重点领域开展MRI研究工作;(5)积极开展儿科MRI AI的研究和临床推广应用工作。本述评旨在通过总结中国儿科MRI近十年的成就,分析现状,找出差距,提出未来发展方向,以促进中国儿科影像医学高质量发展。The"Health China 2030"outlines is focusing on the whole population and the whole life cycle for building a healthy China,strengthening health services for key populations and improving maternal and child health.MRI is a non-invasive,non-ionizing radiation imaging method with good soft tissue contrast,is playing an irreplaceable role in the diagnosis of pediatric diseases.With the improvement of equipment,technological development and innovative research of radiologists,pediatric MRI in China has entered a high-speed development stage in the past ten years.MRI has achieved excellent results in fetal MRI,pediatric central nervous system MRI,pediatric chest MRI,pediatric abdominal MRI,pediatric musculoskeletal MRI and artificial intelligence(AI),providing reference information and playing an important value for the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric diseases and prognosis assessment.The future of pediatric MRI:(1)To further optimize the sequence of pediatric MRI examination,reduce the scanning time and improve the compliance of pediatric MRI examination,and develop pediatric-specific MRI,pediatric-specific receiving coilto achieve safe and high-contrast silent scanning for infants and children;(2)To establish the MRI database and related standard values or intervals for normal children in China as soon as possible;(3)To carry out multi-center collaborative research and jointly compile the Expert Consensus Series on MRI for Pediatric Disease Spectrum in China actively;(4)To conduct MRI research in key areas such as birth defects,fetus and placenta,pediatric brain science,pediatric tumor,and genetic metabolism;(5)To actively engaged in research and clinical promotion of pediatric MRI AI.The purpose of this review is to summarize the achievements of pediatric MRI in China in the past ten years,analyze the current situation,identify gaps,and propose future directions to promote high-quality development of pediatric imageology in China.

关 键 词：儿科 胎儿 中枢神经系统 腹部肿瘤 急性肾损伤 肾功能 脂肪肝病 股骨头缺血性坏死 发育性髋关节发育不良 幼年特发性关节炎 臂丛神经 心血管磁共振 磁共振小肠造影 人工智能 磁共振成像 

分 类 号：R445.2[医药卫生—影像医学与核医学] R72[医药卫生—诊断学]