功能磁共振脑成像机遇和挑战——中国十年来发展成果及展望  

Opportunities and challenges of functional magnetic resonance imaging for human brain research:Achievements and prospects over the past decade in China

作　　者：夏明睿[1,2,3] 贺永 XIA Mingrui;HE Yong(State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Chinese Institute for Brain Research,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学神经影像大数据与人脑连接组学北京市重点实验室,北京100875 [3]北京师范大学IDG/麦戈文脑科学研究院,北京100875 [4]北京脑科学与类脑研究中心,北京102206

出　　处：《磁共振成像》2022年第10期23-36,65,共15页Chinese Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:82021004)。

摘　　要：功能磁共振成像(functional magnetic resonance imaging,fMRI)技术由于无创、时空分辨率均衡、可重复性高、可全脑成像等优点,为脑认知、脑发育、脑老化以及脑疾病的机制探索和临床评估提供了关键的技术手段,具有重要的临床价值。最近十年,我国政府布局了大量关于fMRI脑影像的研究项目,在神经科学、神经影像、精神病学等多个学科取得系列原创性成果和突破。多中心脑影像大数据的质控和校正、高场强高时空分辨率数据获取、诊疗评估等临床应用的落地、脑科学的产业化等是今后值得关注的研究方向。本文评述国内学者在fMRI领域十年来取得的重要成果,包括fMRI脑影像计算分析方法及软件平台、基于fMRI脑影像在脑认知、脑发育、脑老化、脑疾病的应用研究,同时对fMRI未来的重要发展方向进行展望。本文梳理和点评了我国fMRI研究领域的重要科研成果,为该领域的研究提供参考。Due to the advantages of non-invasiveness,balanced spatial and temporal resolution,high repeatability,and whole-brain imaging,functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)technology provides a promising tool for the exploration of the neurobiological mechanisms of brain cognition,brain development,and brain aging,and also exhibits great clinical value for the investigation of the pathology and clinical assessment of brain disorders.In the last decade,the Chinese government has funded a large number of research projects on fMRI brain imaging and has achieved a series of original achievements and breakthroughs in neuroscience,neuroimaging,psychiatry,and other disciplines.Future research directions worthy of attention include quality control and harmonization of multi-center imaging big data,the acquisition of high-spatial-temporal resolution data using high-field-strength scanners,the implementation of clinical applications such as diagnosis and treatment evaluation,and the industrialization of brain science.We reviewed the achievements made by domestic scholars in the field of fMRI in the past decade,including the computational analysis method and software platform for fMRI brain images,the application of fMRI brain images in brain cognition,brain development,brain aging,and brain disorders,and the outlook on the important directions of fMRI in the future in this paper.The purpose of this review is to sort out and comment on the important scientific research achievements in the field of fMRI research in China,and to provide a reference for researchers in this field.

关 键 词：脑认知 认知障碍 精神分裂症 重性抑郁障碍 双相情感障碍 神经发育性疾病 阿尔茨海默病 帕金森病 癫痫 功能磁共振影像 静息态功能磁共振影像 磁共振成像 

分 类 号：R445.2[医药卫生—影像医学与核医学]