谷子新品种DUS测试数量性状分级及遗传多样性研究  

Quantitative Character Classification and Genetic Diversity of New Millet Varieties Based on DUS Testing

作　　者：纪军建 付国庆 寇淑君 王瑶 左振兴 杨德智 刘晓婕 霍阿红 JI Junjian;FU Guoqing;KOU Shujun;WANG Yao;ZUO Zhenxing;YANG Dezhi;LIU Xiaojie;HUO Ahong(Zhangjiakou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhangjiakou Sub-center for New Plant Variety Tests,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Zhangjiakou Hebei 075000,China)

机构地区：[1]张家口市农业科学院/农业农村部植物新品种测试(张家口)分中心,河北张家口075000

出　　处：《种子》2022年第9期17-27,共11页Seed

基　　金：农业农村部物种品种资源保护项目(1120162130135396015)。

摘　　要：对153份谷子新品种的14个数量性状进行了分级研究,并对其32个基本性状的遗传多样性进行了综合评价。结果表明,14个数量性状可建立为3~7或4~6的5个或3个连续分布的不完整尺度;32个基本性状的遗传多样性指数平均为0.9068,153份谷子新品种中检测到143个等位变异,品种相似系数分布在0.71~0.99之间,在相似系数为0.76时,153份谷子品种分为六大类。第Ⅰ类群(3份材料)抽穗极早,生育期最短,植株矮小,产量最低;第Ⅱ类群(3份材料)抽穗期为中,生育期为中,花药为白色,穗为圆筒和棍棒型,单码籽粒数最少,出谷率最低,产量较低;第Ⅲ类群(1份材料)抽穗期为中早,生育期为中,花药为褐色,果穗最长最粗,单穗重最高,产量最高;第Ⅳ类群(138份材料)生育期为中,产量中等水平,其他性状表现一般;第Ⅴ类群(7份材料)抽穗最晚,属晚熟类型,穗颈长相对最短,出谷率最高,但产量为中等水平;第Ⅵ类群(1份材料)抽穗较晚,生育期较长,花药白色,倒二叶最长最宽,株高最高,茎秆最粗,植株长势最茂盛,产量为中等水平。The 14 quantitative traits of 153 new millet varieties applied for variety protection or registration were graded,and the genetic diversity of 32 basic traits was comprehensively evaluated.The results showed that 14 quantitative traits could be classified into 5 or 3 continuous grades,set up with 3-7 or 4-6 incomplete scales.The average genetic diversity index of 32 basic traits was 0.9068(0.0400-1.8907).There were 143 alleles for 32 basic traits variations in 153 new millet varieties,and the variety similarity coefficients ranged from 0.71 to 0.99.When the similarity coefficient was 0.76,153 millet varieties were divided into 6 groups.GroupⅠcontaing 3 materials was characterized,characterized as extremely early heading,shortest growth period,short plant growth,and the lowest yield.GroupⅡcontaining 3 materials,had medium heading and medium growth period.The anther was white and the panicle were cylinder and stick type.This group had smallest number of grains per yard,the lowest ratio of winnowed paddy,and low yield.GroupⅢincluding 1 material had a mid-early heading period,a mid-growth period,brown anthers,the longest and thickest panicles,the highest single panicle weight,and the highest yield.GroupⅣincluding 138 materials,had a medium growth period,medium yield,and the other traits performed poorly.GroupⅤhad the latest heading stage,containing 7 materials a late-maturing type,with the shortest panicle neck length and the highest ratio of winnowed paddy,but the yield at a medium level.GroupⅥhad late heading stage,containing 1 material,of which the growth period was longer and the anther was white.It had the longest and widest top second leaves,the highest plant height,the thickest stem,the most luxuriant plant growth,and a medium yield.

关 键 词：谷子 DUS测试 数量性状 分级 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：S515[农业科学—作物学]