贵州地方糯稻资源稻米品质特性及群体结构分析  

Quality Characteristics and Population Structure of Glutinous Rice LandraceResources from Guizhou Province

作　　者：何学佳 张建冲 杨翠 余显权[1] 宋泽 周丽洁 HE Xuejia;ZHANG Jianchong;YANG Cui;YU Xianquan;SONG Ze;ZHOU Lijie(College of Agriculture,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学农学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《种子》2022年第9期68-73,共6页Seed

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31660383);贵州省留学人员科技创新项目(黔人项目资助合同[2016]02号);贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2019]2302号);贵州省联合基金(黔科合LH字[2017]7271号)。

摘　　要：为更好地开发及利用贵州地方糯稻资源,探明其品质性状差异,并明确其群体结构,对173份贵州地方糯稻品种资源的稻米品质性状进行测定和分析。结果表明,理化特性方面,贵州地方糯稻表观直链淀粉含量偏高,所有品种均值为3.12%,部分品种的表观直链淀粉含量高达4.74%;胶稠度与碱消值变异系数不大,绝大多数材料胶稠度高于100 mm,达国家优质标准,碱消值等级分布范围为4.2~6.4;米饭特性方面,各糯稻品种间差异较大;碾磨品质中糙米率和精米率较稳定,但在整精米率上存在较大浮动,个别材料易出现黄粒、杂粒及断米,导致整精米率下降。对供试材料12个品质性状指标进行主成分分析,前5个主成分因子累计贡献率达75.68%,分别是碾磨品质因子、米饭特性因子、碱消值因子、粒形因子及胶稠度因子。群体结构分析显示,供试材料可分为4个类群,P 1、P 2、P 3类群间存在明显的地域性差异,籼糯品种全部包含于P 4类群中,4个类群间在品质性状的理化特性方面存在显著差异。In this study,the quality traits of 173 glutinous rice landrace varieties from Guizhou Province were measured and analyzed,and the differences of quality traits were explored,and the population structure of the tested materials was clarified,so as to provide reference for better development and utilization of glutinous rice landrace in Guizhou Province.The results showed that in terms of physical and chemical properties,the apparent amylose content of Guizhou glutinous rice landraces were higher,with an average of 3.12%,and the apparent amylose content of some varieties was as high as 4.74%.There was little variation in both gel consistency and alkali spreading value among glutinous rice resources from Guizhou Province,and the most of gel consistency was higher than 100 mm,which reached the national excellent quality standard.Alkali spreading value ranged from 4.2 to 6.4.In terms of cooked rice characteristics,there were great differences among waxy rice varieties.Brown rice rate and milled rice rate were stable,but there was a big fluctuation in head rice rate.Yellow grains,miscellaneous grains and broken rice were easily found in some materials,which led to the decrease of head rice rate.Principal component analysis was conducted on 12 quality traits of the tested materials.The accumulative contribution value of the first five principal component factors was 75.68%,which were milling factor,cooked rice characteristic factor,alkali elimination factor,grain shape factor and glue consistency factor,respectively.Population structure analysis showed that the tested materials could be divided into four groups,P 1,P 2 and P 3 had obvious regional differences,all indica glutinous rice varieties were contained in the P 4 group,there were significant differences in the physical and chemical characteristics of quality traits among the four groups.

关 键 词：地方糯稻 品质特性 群体结构 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]