奥德修斯时刻与卡夫卡式的佯谬  

The Odysseusian Moment and the Kafkaesque Paradox

作　　者：涂险峰[1] 曹晓龙[1] Tu Xianfeng;Cao Xiaolong(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学文学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《长江学术》2022年第4期68-76,共9页Yangtze River Academic

摘　　要：卡夫卡在《塞壬的沉默》中对荷马《奥德赛》情节的改写策略,对于理解卡夫卡及其作品具有特殊意义。在卡夫卡的叙事中,塞壬不再以妖魅歌声而是以“沉默”来诱惑奥德修斯,而奥德修斯塞耳闭听,对“沉默”“失聪”,成功抗拒诱惑。这一行为蕴含着无知与佯装无知的二元性,以及对“空无”的操演。卡夫卡的“奥德修斯时刻”所体现出的另类叙事,在荷马的史诗中其实已有暗示:海上历险均由不可靠叙事者奥德修斯本人而非荷马讲述,故事的可疑性甚至虚构性,却因“天真听众”的轻信而被遮蔽。同样态度也限制了读者对卡夫卡的解读。读者通常忽略《致父亲》等卡夫卡书信的虚构性,而视之为卡夫卡的心理结构及父子关系的真实写照。然而,通过解析“奥德修斯时刻”获得的启示,可以发现卡夫卡书信和小说创作中存在的佯谬结构,据此可进一步探析其小说代表作所蕴含的“空无辩证法”。Kafka rewrites the scenario of Homer’s The Odyssey in Das Schweigen der Sirenen,and that tactic has special significance for understanding Kafka and his works.In Kafka’ s narrative,the Sirens didn’ t seduce Odysseus with an enchanting song but with the "silence",while Odysseus turned his ears away,being "deaf" to the " silence",and resisted the temptation successfully.Such deeds incorporate the duality of ignorance and feigned ignorance,as well as the performance of " nothingness".The peculiar narrative of Kafka’s " Odysseusian moment" is actually implied in Homer’ s epic:the sea adventures are all told by the unreliable narrator Odysseus himself,not Homer.The dubious or even fictitious aspects of the story are obscured by the credulity of "naive audience".The same attitude also limits the reader’ s interpretations of Kafka.Readers usually ignore the fictitious aspects of Kafka’s letters,such as Brief an den Vater,and regard them as a true portrayal of Kafka’ s psychological structure and father-son relationship.However,by inspiration from understanding the " Odysseusian moment",we can discover the paradoxical structures in Kafka’s letters and novels,after that we can further explore the " dialectics of nothingness" in his main novels.

关 键 词：奥德修斯时刻 天真听众 佯谬 空无 

分 类 号：I106[文学—世界文学]