从“正义”到“权利”:西方自然法传统的古今之变  

From Justice to Right: The Transformation from Ancient to Modernity of Western Natural Law Tradition

作　　者：陈祥勤[1] CHEN Xiangqin

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院马克思主义学院、中国马克思主义研究所,200020

出　　处：《国外社会科学前沿》2022年第9期66-76,共11页JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCES

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“中国特色社会主义道路的原创性贡献研究”(21BKS060)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：作为起源于希腊且成熟于罗马的西方政治思想传统,自然法的核心就是对正义的自然性或超验性的信仰。正是这种自然或超验正义,构成了政治的最高善,构成了法律的真理和理想。在西方,自然法传统存在着从古典到现代性的古今之变。对于古典自然法来说,它的最高理念乃是超验的或自然的正义理念,这一理念乃是正义理念与自然或神性理念的神正论统一;对于现代自然法来说,它的首要原则是先验的权利或法权原则,这一原则乃是正义理念与诸如生命、自由和人性概念的人类学统一。古典自然法的基石是植根于自然或神性的正义理念,现代自然法的基石则是植根于人性或自由的权利法则。Natural law, as the western political thought tradition which originated in Hellenic culture and bred to its maturity in Roman civilization, is the faith in natural or transcendental justice. It is this natural or transcendental justice that is the supreme good of politics, is the truth and ideal of legal system. Western natural law tradition has the transformation from ancient to modernity. For classical natural law, its supreme idea is natural or transcendental justice which is the theodicean unification between the idea of justice and the idea of nature or divinity. For modern natural law, its’ priory principle is priori or transcendent right which is anthropological unification of between the idea of justice and the idea and the idea of life, liberty or humanity. The cornerstone of classical natural law is the idea of justice rooted in nature or divinity, the cornerstone of modern natural law is the principle of right established on liberty or humanity.

关 键 词：自然正义 自然权利 古今之辩 

分 类 号：D90[政治法律—法学理论]