Fundamental Strategic Shift Required by the Expensive Ecological Policy in Chinese Grasslands  

高代价的中国草地生态政策需要根本性的策略转变

作　　者：ZHU Jiapei XU Xingliang LI Tong LIU Yali YANG Yaqian CUI Xiaoyong 朱佳佩;徐兴良;李通;刘雅莉;杨雅茜;崔骁勇(中国科学院大学中丹学院,北京100049;中国丹麦科研教育中心,北京100049;中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,生态系统网络观测与模拟院重点实验室,北京100101;中国科学院青藏高原地球科学卓越创新中心,北京100101;中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049;中国科学院大学生命科学学院,北京100049;中国科学院大学北京燕山地球关键带与地表通量国家野外科学研究站,北京101408)

机构地区：[1]Sino-Danish College,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China [2]Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research,Beijing 100049,China [3]Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China [4]CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China [5]College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China [6]College of Life Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China [7]Beijing Yanshan Earth Critical Zone and Surface Fluxes National Research Station,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 101408,China

出　　处：《Journal of Resources and Ecology》2022年第6期955-963,共9页资源与生态学报（英文版）

基　　金：The Strategic Priority Research Program (A) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA20050103);International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Global Dryland Programme, 121311KYSB20170004);The National Natural Science Foundation of China (42001267)。

摘　　要：Grasslands have critically important ecological and economic values while most of them have been suffering from various degrees of degradation in China due to overgrazing. The “Forage-Livestock Balance”(FLB)policy has been implemented for more than a decade, aims to balance the relationship between forage productivity and grazing consumption of grasslands by livestock. According to the review of statistical data and literatures on policy evaluation, FLB-dominated subsidies for grassland ecological conservation policies are ineffective on grassland restoration, livestock reduction in some overloaded areas and improvement on herdsmen livelihood. To deal with the dilemma, we suggest a fundamental shift of strategy from controlling livestock numbers to maintaining and improving grassland health(MIGH) based on ecological theories, and promote the sustainable development of grassland in China. The results show that, FLB policy failed to obtain expected benefits mainly because it interfered with the herders’ autonomous use of contracted grasslands along with the defects of its underlying theory and methodologies. Implementing reward and punishment based on ecosystem health will not only motivate herders to manage their grassland autonomously, but also be more scientific and feasible than FLB.过度放牧加剧了中国草地的退化程度,破坏了草地生态系统重要的生态和经济价值。“草畜平衡”政策在中国全面实施已超过十年,旨在平衡饲草产量与牲畜消耗之间的关系。本文梳理了政策评价的统计资料和相关文献,指出以草畜平衡为主导的生态补偿政策不仅对草地的恢复效果存在很大的不确定性,而且阻碍了部分超载地区的减畜,甚至还对牧民生计产生负面影响。为解决当前困境,本文基于生态学理论提出了从控制牲畜数量到维持和改善草地健康的根本性策略性转变的理论框架和实现途径,以期推动我国草地的可持续发展。研究结果表明,“草畜平衡”政策失灵的根本原因在于其干预了牧民自主使用承包草场的行为,而且基础理论和方法也存在缺陷。相比而言,以草地生态系统健康为衡量标准实施奖惩政策,不仅能够激发牧民自主经营草原的积极性,而且比“草畜平衡”政策更具科学性和可行性。

关 键 词：forage-livestock balance grassland degradation grassland restoration herders’livelihood SUBSIDY 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]