对光学侦察卫星的地面探测模型与试验研究  

Research on ground detection model and test of optical reconnaissance satellite

作　　者：邢晖[1] 张岩岫[1] 雷萍[1] 马娜[1] 王娟锋[1] 康大勇[1] Xing Hui;Zhang Yanxiu;Lei Ping;Ma Na;Wang Juanfeng;Kang Dayong(The 63891 Units of People’s Liberation Army,Luoyang 471003,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军63891部队,河南洛阳471003

出　　处：《红外与激光工程》2022年第9期349-355,共7页Infrared and Laser Engineering

摘　　要：在空间光电对抗领域,地面光电跟踪设备对卫星的实时在轨跟踪是实施干扰对抗的前提,光学侦查卫星多运行在太阳同步轨道上。首先,根据光学侦查卫星对地观测多为垂直下视或者侧摆下视,以及地面光电干扰设备必须位于光学侦查卫星视场内的特点,经独立数学推导,获得了卫星与地面设备相互位置关系的数学模型,包括地面光电设备对光学侦查卫星的观测距离和观测角度的数学表达式;其次,根据卫星星体及其太阳能电池板的辐射散射特性,以及地球大气环境和地物背景的可见光散射传输特性,推导获得了星体及观测路径的散射辐射传输数学模型,以及地面光电设备探测器靶面目标与背景光辐射照度的数学表达式;最后,根据侦查卫星散射辐射的大气闪烁特性,应用概率统计理论与工程经验分析,指出影响探测概率的决定因素为大气闪烁引起的目标背景对比度变化,据此提出了一种新的地面光电设备对光学侦查卫星的探测概率模型。经实测试验数据验证,文中模型的计算结果与实际测量数据的吻合度较高。In the field of space optoelectronic countermeasures, the real-time on-orbit tracking of satellites by ground optoelectronic tracking equipment is a prerequisite for interference countermeasures, and optical reconnaissance satellites mostly operate in sun-synchronous orbits. Firstly, according to the optical reconnaissance satellite earth observation was apparent under vertical or lateral swing down more visual, and ground jamming equipment must be located within the optical reconnaissance satellite view characteristic,through independent mathematical deduction, the mathematical model of satellite and ground equipment location relationship between each other, including the ground photoelectric devices of optical reconnaissance satellite observation distance and the mathematical expression of observation angle;Secondly, according to the radiation scattering characteristics of the satellite and their solar panel, as well as the scattering transmission characteristics of the earth’s atmospheric environment and terrain background in the visual band, the mathematical model of the scattering radiation transmission of the star and the observation path was derived, and the mathematical expression of the illuminance on the focal plane of photoelectric equipment which represent the target and the background respectively were obtained;Finally, based on the atmospheric scintillation characteristics of the scattered radiation of reconnaissance satellites, using probability statistical theory and engineering experience analysis, it was pointed out that the decisive factor affecting the detection probability was the change in the target background contrast caused by the atmospheric scintillation, based on this, a new detection probability model of the optical reconnaissance satellite by ground optoelectronic equipment was proposed. The actual test data verifies that the calculated results of the model in this paper are in good agreement with the actual measured data.

关 键 词：光学侦察卫星 太阳同步轨道 视星等 路径亮度 探测概率 

分 类 号：V19[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]