性别比失衡与教育获得  

Sex Ratio Imbalance and Education Attainment

作　　者：刘潇[1] 周羿[2] 黄海 Liu Xiao;Zhou Yi;Huang Hai(School of Labor Economics,Capital University of Economics and Business;Guanghua School of Management,Peking University;Faculty of Applied Economics,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

机构地区：[1]首都经济贸易大学劳动经济学院,北京100070 [2]北京大学光华管理学院,北京100871 [3]中国社会科学院大学应用经济学院,北京102488

出　　处：《经济科学》2022年第5期150-163,共14页Economic Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“产业结构升级对流动人口就业质量的影响及对策研究”(项目编号:20CYJ014);教育部人文社科基金青年项目“子女人力资本对于父母健康的反馈效应研究”(项目编号:19YJC840064)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：20世纪80年代以来,我国经历了长期的性别比失衡,表现为男性数量远远多于女性。面对性别比失衡,父母应该如何选择子女的受教育水平?本文发现,性别比失衡使农村及父母低教育水平家庭中的男孩受教育水平有所下降,不管是在绝对意义上还是相对于女性;而城镇及父母高教育水平家庭中的男孩受教育水平有所上升,女性的受教育水平不受影响。这意味着性别比失衡扩大了社会经济地位较高和较低男性的人力资本差距。由于教育决策通常在结婚前数年完成,本文进一步探索了家户如何预测未来的婚姻市场供求。研究发现,父母倾向于低估子女结婚时适龄女性缺少的程度,因此当前的人力资本水平可能偏离家庭的合意水平。Since the 1980s,China has experienced a long-term imbalance in the sex ratio,manifested by a far greater number of males than females.In the face of the sex ratio imbalance,how do parents make choice when it comes to the educational level of their children?This paper finds that the sex ratio imbalance decreases the educational attainment of males in rural areas and in households with parents of low educational level,both in an absolute sense and compared with that of females,while the educational attainment of males in urban areas and in households with parents of high educational level rises,and the educational attainment of females is unaffected.This implies that the sex ratio imbalance widens the gap between the human capital of males with higher and lower socioeconomic status.Since educational decisions are usually made several years before marriage,this paper further explores how parents predict future supply and demand in the marriage market.The findings are that parents tend to underestimate the extent of the shortage of marriageable women when their children are about to marry,implying that current levels of human capital may deviate from the consensual levels.

关 键 词：性别比失衡 婚前投资 人力资本 社会经济地位 

分 类 号：F063.4[经济管理—政治经济学] F061.3