两种典型对虾养殖模式的经济与生态效益分析  

Analysis of economic and ecological benefits of two typical shrimp culture modes

作　　者：王玉贞 常志强[2,3] 陈钊 李健 WANG Yu-zhen;CHANG Zhi-qiang;CHEN Zhao;LI Jian(College of Fisheries and Life Science,Dalian Ocean University,Liaoning Dalian 116023,China;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shandong Qingdao 266100,China;Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao),Shandong Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学水产与生命学院,辽宁大连116023 [2]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所农业农村部海水渔业可持续发展重点实验室,山东青岛266100 [3]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《中国渔业经济》2022年第4期85-92,共8页Chinese Fisheries Economics

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFD0900403,2018YFD0900702);现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-4);国家自然科学基金(31873039);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2021XT0604,2020TD46)资助。

摘　　要：陆基工厂化养殖和多营养层次综合养殖(IMTA)是我国目前对虾养殖生产中常见的两种典型模式,对这两种养殖模式进行经济效益与生态效益分析,有助于政府管理部门和养殖企业结合当地条件权衡利弊,促进产业可持续发展。通过实地调研及文献查阅,对两种养殖模式的成本收益情况及水环境情况进行分析。结果表明:两种养殖模式固定成本低于可变成本;对虾工厂化养殖模式单位产量高,总收益高,而多营养层次综合养殖模式的成本利润率为对虾工厂化养殖模式的2.59倍,采用该模式生产每千克对虾的盈亏平衡价格及其与销售价格差额分别为工厂化养殖模式的0.65和2.14倍;另一方面,多营养层次综合养殖模式细菌及微藻丰富度更高,对养殖水体中氮、磷等营养盐的净化能力更强,避免水体富营养化,生态效益显著。整体来看,工厂化养殖模式养殖效率高,总收益高;而多营养层次综合养殖模式既有良好的经济效益,同时也具有可持续发展的生态优势。Land based industrialized culture and Integrated multi-tropic aquaculture(IMTA) are two typical modes commonly used in shrimp culture and production in China. The analysis of economic and ecological benefits of these two culture modes is helpful for government management departments and breeding enterprises to weigh the advantages and disadvantages in combination with local conditions and promote the sustainable development of the industry. Through field investigation and literature review, the cost-benefit and water environment of the two breeding modes are analyzed. The results showed that the fixed cost is lower than the variable cost;the unit yield of shrimp industrialized culture mode is high and the total income is remarkable. The cost profit rate of IMTA is 2.59 times that of shrimp industrialized culture mode. The break-even price per kilogram of shrimp produced by this mode and its difference with the sales price are 0.65 and 2.14times that of industrialized culture mode respectively. On the other hand, the IMTA mode has higher richness of bacteria and microalgae, stronger purification ability of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the aquaculture water body, avoiding water eutrophication, and remarkable ecological benefits. On the whole, the industrialized breeding mode has high breeding efficiency and remarkable total income;the IMTA mode not only has good economic benefits, but also has ecological advantages of sustainable development.

关 键 词：工厂化养殖模式 多营养层次综合养殖模式 经济效益 生态效益 

分 类 号：F326.416[经济管理—产业经济]