中国企业创新、就业动态与工业生产率提升  

Chinese Enterprise Innovation, the Employment Dynamics, and the Improvement of Industrial Productivity

作　　者：宋建 王静[1] SONG Jian;WANG Jing(Political and Economic Research Institute,Nanjing Audit University)

机构地区：[1]南京审计大学政治与经济研究院

出　　处：《中国人民大学学报》2022年第5期106-120,共15页Journal of Renmin University of China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“‘双向挤压’下我国先进制造业跨越式发展实现路径研究”(20CJY024);江苏省社会科学基金一般项目“产业关联视角下工业机器人使用对服务业就业影响的机制研究”(21EYB014);江苏高校哲学社会科学研究一般项目“最低工资对企业就业动态的影响研究:基于创新异质性视角”(2019SJA0345)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文基于2008—2014年全国创新调查企业数据库考察工业企业创新对城市小类行业层面就业动态变化以及生产率增长的影响。研究发现:工业企业创新通过提升就业创造率和降低就业损失率显著地提高工业就业净增长率,且工业创新产出的就业效应远大于创新投入的就业效应;从不同技术行业看,企业创新促进了高技术、低技术行业的就业净增长率,而降低了中技术行业的就业净增长率,主要是因为工业企业创新显著降低了中技术行业的就业创造率,而高技术和低技术行业的就业创造效应明显且就业破坏的抑制效应显著;工业企业创新显著促进了生产率水平的提升,其内在机制是促进就业创造和抑制就业破坏。Based on National Innovation Survey Enterprise Database of China from 2008 to 2014, this article examines the dynamic changes of innovation on China’s manufacturing employment and analyzes its impact on the growth of industry productivity.This study finds that industrial enterprise innovation significantly increases the net growth rate of industrial employment by increasing the rate of job creation and reducing the rate of job loss, and the effect of increasing employment through innovative achievements is far greater than that through the capital invested for innovation.From the perspective of industries focusing on technology, corporate innovation increases the net employment growth rate in high-tech and low-tech industries, and reduces the net employment growth rate in medium-tech industries.Innovation significantly reduces the job creation rate in medium-tech industries, while the job creation effect in high-and low-tech industries is obvious and the effect of restraining job loss is significant.This article also finds that innovation significantly increases the productivity of China’s manufacturing industry, and its internal mechanism is realized through the dynamic allocation of employment, that is, by increasing job creation and reducing job loss.

关 键 词：工业企业创新 就业动态 资源配置 全要素生产率 

分 类 号：F425[经济管理—产业经济] F273.1F249.2