风电场运行对地表温度的影响——以河北张家口北部风电场为例  

Impacts of Wind Farms on Land Surface Temperature——A Case Study on the Wind Farm in Northern Zhangjiakou,Hebei

作　　者：马兴悦 余晔 夏敦胜[1] 董龙翔[2,3,4] 赵素平 MA Xingyue;YU Ye;XIA Dunsheng;DONG Longxiang;ZHAO Suping(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education),College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Clod and Arid Regions,Northwest Institute of Eco‑Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Pingliang Land Surface Process and Severe Weather Research Station,Pingliang 744015,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学资源环境学院西部环境教育部重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院/寒旱区陆面过程与气候变化重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [3]中国科学院平凉陆面过程与灾害天气观测研究站,甘肃平凉744015 [4]甘肃省陆面过程与灾害天气野外科学观测研究站,甘肃平凉744015

出　　处：《高原气象》2022年第4期1074-1085,共12页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFB1502801);甘肃省科技计划项目(18JR2RA005)。

摘　　要：正确认识风力发电对气候的可能影响,尤其是对地表温度的影响,对于科学利用风能资源,确保我国能源可持续发展具有重要的意义。本文基于2003-2019年MODIS卫星地表温度数据,结合风向、植被指数、地表反照率及土地利用数据探讨了河北省西北部坝上地区尚义、张北县大型风电场对地表温度的影响。结果表明,风机运行会对风电场内及其下风方地表温度产生影响。在春季、秋季和冬季,夜间风电场建成前后下风向增温幅度高于上风向,白天则是下风向增温幅度低于上风向,即风电场下风向夜间存在增温,白天存在降温。与周边非风电场影响区域相比,春季和夏季风电场内地表温度显著增高,特别是春季夜间,风电场影响区增温幅度达0.379℃·(10a)^(-1),其次为夏季和秋季夜间,风电场影响区增温幅度分别达0.206℃·(10a)^(-1)和0.211℃·(10a)^(-1),冬季存在增温但不显著,与其他研究相比增温较弱,且远小于坝上地区地表温度年际增温趋势。风电场内部地表温度变化不仅受风电场运行的影响,气候变化、植被变化以及土地利用类型变化均对地表温度有影响。Extensive use of wind energy resources in China not only brings huge economic benefits,but also reduces environmental pollution caused by various fossil fuels.However,some studies have shown that the rotation of the rotor blades will increase surface roughness and then enhance turbulence in the rotor wakes by changing the stability of the atmospheric boundary layer(ABL).If these changes are spatially large enough,they may affect the local and even regional weather and climate.With increasing installed capacity of wind farms,a correct understanding of the possible impacts of wind power on climate is needed,especially its impact on temperature.It is of great significance for the scientific use of wind energy resources and ensuring the sustainable development of energy in China.Satellite remote sensing technology can conduct large-scale,long-term,and regular observations of the land surface,and data acquisition is relatively easy.The MODIS satellite data has been used in studies of the impact of wind farms on the land surface temperature.Based on MODIS satellite data from 2003 to 2019,this paper explores the impact of two large wind farms in Shangyi and Zhangbei in northern Zhangjiakou on land surface temperature.Combined with wind direction,vegetation index,surface albedo,and land use data,the results show that:(1)During spring,autumn,and winter,the land surface temperature downwind of the wind farm is higher than that upwind during nighttime,the opposite is true during the day.The land surface temperature in the downwind area of the wind farm is significantly affected by the wind turbine wake.(2)Compared with the surrounding areas not affected by wind farms,the land surface temperature within wind farms increased significantly in spring and summer,especially during spring night with an increaing trend of 0.379℃·(10a)^(-1),followed by summer night and autumn night with increaing trends of 0.206℃·(10a)^(-1) and 0.211℃·(10a)^(-1),respectively.The warming trends`spatial pattern couples well with the geographi

关 键 词：风力发电 风电场 大气边界层 地表温度 

分 类 号：P407[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]