郑州地区成人自报过敏性鼻炎患者吸入过敏原分析  

Sensitization patterns of inhaled allergens in adults self-reported allergic rhinitis in Zhengzhou area

作　　者：杜文锦 张秋兴 张文超 王思勤 DU Wen-jin;ZHANG Qiu-xing;ZHANG Wen-chao;WANG Si-qin(Department of Allergy,Henan Provincial People's Hospital,People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University,People's Hospital of Henan University,Zhengzhou,Henan 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省人民医院,郑州大学人民医院,河南大学人民医院过敏反应科,河南郑州450003

出　　处：《中华全科医学》2022年第10期1675-1677,1804,共4页Chinese Journal of General Practice

基　　金：吴阶平医学基金会临床科研专项资助基金项目(320.6750.2022-02-7)。

摘　　要：目的了解郑州地区成人自报过敏性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)患者吸入过敏原致敏谱,分析不同年龄、性别及年份间阳性致敏原的差异,为AR的临床诊治提供参考。方法采用17种吸入过敏原试剂对2019年1月—2021年12月就诊于河南省人民医院过敏反应科门诊且自报为AR的成人患者2305例进行皮肤点刺试验(skin prick test,SPT),比较不同性别、年龄、年份致敏原分布情况,并对阳性率进行分析。结果2305例AR患者SPT阳性率为77.09%,常合并多种过敏原致敏,对4种及以上过敏原阳性者1137例(49.33%);过敏原阳性率前5位依次为粉尘螨(42.78%)、户尘螨(38.61%)、梧桐花粉(35.27%)、蒿属花粉(34.27%)、葎草花粉(31.63%);18~30岁年龄组过敏原SPT阳性检出率达峰值(91.84%),阳性率随年龄增长而下降;不同性别间粉尘螨、户尘螨、油菜花、葎草花粉SPT阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);2019—2021年室内吸入过敏原粉尘螨、户尘螨阳性率呈逐年升高趋势,季节性吸入过敏原梧桐花粉、蒿属花粉、葎草花粉阳性率呈逐年下降趋势。结论AR患者常合并4种及以上吸入过敏原致敏;18~30岁SPT检出率达峰值;粉尘螨、户尘螨、梧桐花粉、蒿属花粉、葎草花粉是郑州地区成人自报AR患者最常见的致敏原。Objective To investigate the sensitization spectrum of adult self-reported allergic rhinitis(AR)patients in Zhengzhou area,analyze the differences of aeroallergen sensitization rates in different age groups,genders and years,and to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of AR.Methods Seventeen kinds of inhaled allergen reagents were used to conduct skin prick test(SPT),which was performed in 2305 adult self-reported AR patients from January 2019 to December 2021 in Henan Provincial People's Hospital.The distribution of allergens in different genders,ages and years was compared,and the positive rate was analyzed.Results The positive rate of SPT in 2305 AR patients was 77.09%,which was often complicated with multiple allergens,among them,1137 patients(49.33%)were positive for 4 or more allergens.The top 5 allergen positive rates were pollen of dust mite(42.78%),house dust mite(38.61%),Platanus acerifolia pollen(35.27%),Artemisia pollen(34.27%)and Humulus scandens pollen(31.63%).The SPT positive rate of patients aged 18-30 years was the highest(91.84%),and the positive rate decreased with the increase of age.The positive rate of dust mite,house dust mite,Rape pollen and Humulus scandens pollen were statistically significant differences among different genders(all P<0.05).From 2019 to 2021,the positive rate of dust mites and house dust mites were increased year by year,while the positive rate of Platanus acerifolia pollen,Artemisia pollen and Humulus scandens pollen were decreased year by year.Conclusion AR patients are more likely to be allergic to 4 or more inhaled allergens.The positive rate of SPT was highest in 18-30 years old.Among the common allergens of self-reported AR in adults in Zhengzhou,dust mite,household dust mite,Platanus acerifolia pollen,Artemisia pollen and Humulus scandens pollen are the most common allergens.

关 键 词：过敏性鼻炎 吸入过敏原 皮肤点刺试验 致敏 

分 类 号：R765.21[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]