新生儿呼吸道微生物菌群与肺病的研究进展  

Research progress of respiratory microbiota and lung disease in neonates

作　　者：李含月 丁诗田 陈筱青[3] LI Han-yue;DING Shi-tian;CHEN Xiao-qing(Collage of Nursing,Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 211166,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]南京医科大学护理学院,江苏南京211166 [2]南京医科大学儿科学院,江苏南京211166 [3]南京医科大学第一附属医院儿科,江苏南京210029

出　　处：《中华全科医学》2022年第10期1746-1750,共5页Chinese Journal of General Practice

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81871195)。

摘　　要：新生儿时期是微生物菌群与宿主间建立稳定生理功能的关键时期,此期间呼吸道菌群数量经历由少到多的变化,种类也由单一向多样化转变。新生儿呼吸道微生物的揭示得益于标本采集技术及微生态监测技术的进步,打破了原有的技术“壁垒”,标本提取技术的进步和检测技术准确度的提高增加了微生态研究的可信度,为临床研究提供了极大的方便。新生儿期呼吸道中莫拉菌属、棒状杆菌属及狡诈菌属等有益菌属丰度降低,潜在致病菌如铜绿假单胞菌、流感嗜血杆菌及金黄色葡萄球菌比例增多,菌群多样性的改变,与支气管肺发育不良、哮喘、囊性纤维化和肺炎等呼吸系统疾病的发生、发展密切相关。同时,新生儿呼吸道菌群的建立和演变又受分娩方式、喂养方式、抗菌药物使用及胎龄、出生日龄等多方面因素的调控。从微生物角度进行研究,可明确呼吸道微生物菌群在新生儿呼吸道疾病中的作用机制,为疾病的预防及治疗开辟一个崭新的视角,为精准治疗打下基础。本文对新生儿呼吸道微生物菌群的影响因素和肠道菌群的联系及其与呼吸道疾病的关系进行综述。The neonatal period is the key period for the establishment of stable physiological function between the microbiota and the host.During this period,the number of respiratory microbiota increases,and the species changes from single to diversified.Progress in neonatal respiratory tract specimen collection technology and microecological monitoring technology has broken the original technical"barrier".The progress in specimen extraction technology and improved detection technology accuracy have increased the credibility of microecological research and offered convenience for clinical research.In the neonatal respiratory tract,the decreased abundance of beneficial bacteria,such as Moraxella,Corynebacterium and Dolosigranulum,the increased proportion of potential pathogenic bacteria,such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus,and the change in bacterial diversity were closely related to the occurrence and development of respiratory diseases,such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia,asthma,cystic fibrosis and pneumonia.The establishment and evolution of neonatal respiratory flora are regulated by many factors,such as delivery mode,feeding mode,use of antibiotics,gestational age,birth date and age.Research from the perspective of microorganisms can clarify the action mechanism of respiratory microorganisms in neonatal respiratory diseases,open up a new perspective for disease prevention and treatment and achieve the purpose of accurate treatment.This paper reviews the influencing factors of neonatal respiratory tract microbiota,the relationship between intestinal microbiota and respiratory diseases.

关 键 词：微生物菌群 呼吸道 新生儿 

分 类 号：R725.6[医药卫生—儿科]